The Marrow of Tradition

In order to survive life as an educated black person in America, Dr. Miller believe that one must be either a “philosopher or a fool” (38). The interior lives of the black characters of this novel—Dr. Miller, Janet, Jerry, and others—reveal that some try to cope with their knowledge of racism by seeking to understand it, while others work to ingratiate themselves to their white neighbors. Dr. Miller takes a particularly philosophical approach, often counseling others to bide their time rather than acting on impulse.

The idea of the “fool” circulates in particular around Jerry; Jerry works at a newspaper, and in some ways lacks intelligence and understanding. Unlike Dr. Miller, he is willing to remain in a subservient role because he believes that his white “friends” will protect him. It is stated that Jerry is “a fool” (160), but “not all kinds of fool” (160).

Dr. Miller’s remark suggests that a black man can survive either by understanding racism, or by giving in to it. However, it is notable that Jerry, the fool, does not survive. 

Mrs. Ochiltree effectively steals Julia and Janet’s inheritance. By taking possession of Julia’s marriage license and Samuel Merkell’s will, she ensures that Julia and her daughter will not receive any of the Merkell estate.