A Grief Observed

C. S. Lewis

24 pages 48-minute read

C. S. Lewis

A Grief Observed

Nonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | Adult | Published in 1961

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Symbols & Motifs

House of Cards

Lewis refers to a house of cards throughout A Grief Observed to represent the temporary and fragile nature of human endeavor, especially Lewis’s own endeavors, compared with the permanence and endurance of God. Transitory and provisional in nature, the house of cards is usually portrayed as collapsing or being knocked over. Lewis uses the house of cars to describe his crisis of faith: “if my house has collapsed at one blow, that is because it was a house of cards” (37).Had his faith been more “real,” rather than “imagination,” it wouldn’t have collapsed when confronted with grief.


That he continues to describe his faith in such terms indicates it is still weak: “Indeed it’s likely enough that what I shall call, if it happens, a ‘restoration of faith’ will turn out to be only one more house of cards” (39). Sometimes, it is necessary for the house of cards to be knocked over because it is the only way to capture his attention and force a realization of the truth: “and I must surely admit–H. would have forced me to admit in a few passes—that, if my house was a house of cards, the sooner it was knocked down the better” (38). 


The house of cards also represents human folly and Lewis’s failure to learn from experience: “However, often the house of cards falls, shall I set about rebuilding it? Is that what I’m doing now?” (38). Sometimes God collapses the house of cards to communicate with Lewis: “He always knew that my temple was a house of cards. His only way of making me realize the fact was to knock it down” (52). On a grander scale, “cardcastle” is used to depict his love for both Helen and God.

House of God

In contrast to the ephemeral and human house of cards, the house of God is a solid, permanent, and secure structure, although the occupant is not always evident. Lewis describes his inability to find comfort from God in the depths of his grief: “go to Him when your need is desperate…& what do you find? A door slammed in your face, and a sound of bolting and double bolting on the inside” (6) Looking closer, Lewis notes,“There are no lights in the windows. It might be an empty house. Was it ever inhabited? It seemed so once” (6). Lewis begins to doubt the reality of his earlier faith, although significantly, the house does not collapse in the face of his wavering belief. Later, Lewis realizes that it is his own grief that closed and locked the door: “I have gradually been coming to feel that the door is no longer shut & bolted” (46). God’s house remains standing and intact, available to those who are open to receiving God. 

The Cosmic Sadist

In his grief and anger over the loss of Helen, Lewis comes to doubt God’s benevolent nature, imagining God instead as a being who “tortures” and “vivisects” people like “rats in a laboratory” (29). The following day, after Lewis namesGod “Cosmic Sadist,” he characterizeshis interpretation of God as “a yell rather than thought” (30). Lewis later acknowledges the term as an artifact of his angry despair: “all that stuff about the Cosmic Sadist was not so much the expression of thought as of hatred. I was getting from it the only pleasure a man in anguish can get; the pleasure of hitting back” (40). The “Cosmic Sadist” also offers a possible explanation for human pain, although Lewis observes that if suffering exists to remind us of how temporary life is, then the “Cosmic Sadist and Eternal Vivisector becomes an unnecessary hypothesis” (38).

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