52 pages • 1-hour read
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Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of emotional abuse and death.
The note Autumn leaves for Johnny in his cabin and her pink backpack are recurring motifs that symbolize The Weight of Buried Secrets. They gesture toward the increasingly obvious truth that Johnny’s death was a murder. In this way, the note and the backpack also heighten suspense.
Autumn’s note, in which she thanks Johnny, initially raises James’s suspicion because she sees it as possible evidence of an inappropriate relationship. Since Autumn is a vulnerable young woman from a broken home and Johnny mentored her outside the structure of school, James thinks the note confirms the town’s rumors that the two are romantically involved. Although she is wrong about this, her reaction triggers her desire to uncover the truth and propels her forward in her investigation. Ultimately, this leads her to the truth of Johnny’s murder.
Autumn’s backpack similarly leads James to an incorrect theory that Autumn was involved in Johnny’s death. James first sees it in one of the photographs from Johnny’s last day in the gorge and wrongly assumes that Autumn was with him on the day that he died. While this does not turn out to be true, it becomes a major clue and propels James toward the truth. In the novel, secrets don’t remain buried forever, and clues like the note and the backpack become vessels for the truth.
The gorge outside of Six Rivers is an important setting in the novel that heightens narrative tension. It was the site of Griffin’s death and represents The Impact of Place on Identity, especially since it symbolizes James’s trauma and is a physical embodiment of her reason for leaving Six Rivers.
The truth of what happened at the gorge—Johnny pushing Griffin over the edge in fury—is withheld until late in the narrative, creating suspense. Even before the full revelation, James sees the wild, untamed terrain of the gorge and the forest that surrounds it reflected in the people of Six Rivers. She recognizes Johnny’s inextricable link to place: He is even more closely tied to the forest than James and conceives of the twins as having been “born” in the darkness of the forest. Trentham Gorge, as its most shadowed and perilous space, is a metaphor for the violence that shapes their lives. Their paths diverge after the killing because James becomes fearful of her brother’s dangerous potential. Johnny also realizes the impact that his volatility might have on his sister and urges her to leave for college. The gorge represents a place of transformation that changes the course of their lives and marks the boundary between their close childhood and their estranged adulthood.
James experiences phantom pain just below her collarbone, in the exact spot where Johnny was shot. This pain symbolizes the strength and cost of their twin bond and serves as a representation of Fraught Family Relationships. James and Johnny both admit to having a preternatural ability to not only read one another’s moods, thoughts, and emotions. After Johnny’s death, James begins to get “readings” from places that were meaningful to him. James often experiences this connection as a source of stress, even as it helps her to investigate his mysterious death. The phantom pain increases in severity when she makes meaningful discoveries about his murder, acting both as a guide and a burden.
This pain emotionally destabilizes James because it reminds her how close she and Johnny once were—and still are. In the absence of a reliable family structure, the twins shared an unusually close bond and turned to one another for support. However, this led to an unhealthy co-dependence in their bond, which was made more difficult by Johnny’s volatility and poor judgment. James finds that the price of her sibling relationship is her increasingly fraught role as Johnny’s caretaker. The phantom pain thus represents both her close link with Johnny as well as the pain this brings her.



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