48 pages • 1-hour read
Madeleine L'EngleA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide includes depictions of violence, illness, and death.
The Rune of St. Patrick is a central motif representing faith as a protective invocation against the forces that threaten creation. It functions as a Christian prayer that invokes divine protection and the natural elements against the “powers of darkness” (19). The novel opens with the threat of nuclear war, and it is the embittered Mrs. O’Keefe who first recites the ancient prayer, passing a charge to Charles Wallace: “You’ve got it, Chuck. Use it” (24). This act introduces a central idea in the novel: The moral and spiritual choices of individuals influence events that affect the future of the world.
The rune functions as the primary tool for these choices. Charles Wallace uses it to call upon Heaven, summoning Gaudior and initiating his journey through time to search the past for the moment where history can be altered. The prayer’s verses, which invoke the elements, symbolically place the forces of nature—sun, snow, fire, lightning, winds, sea, rocks, and earth—between the speaker and evil. When Brandon Llawcae calls upon “the lightning with its rapid wrath” to save Zylle (154), lightning strikes the church during the moment of crisis, suggesting that the invocation calls upon the protective forces associated with creation. The rune is ultimately a motif of spiritual protection, showing how faith and prayer place the speaker within the sustaining order of creation and shield them from destructive forces.
The Old Music is a recurring motif that represents the fundamental harmony that sustains creation. Throughout the novel, the universe is described as ordered through a living harmony in which light and darkness exist in balance and all beings are connected through a shared pattern of existence. When Charles Wallace travels through time with Gaudior, he experiences visions of the universe’s beginning, where light and darkness move together in rhythm and the “morning stars sang together” (52). This harmony establishes the old music as the original order of the cosmos, a pattern that supports life, growth, and renewal. The forces opposing this harmony are the Echthroi, beings who attempt to distort the music of creation. Their actions break harmony into discord, producing chaos, hatred, and destruction.
This conflict between harmony and distortion becomes the novel’s larger spiritual struggle, developing the theme of Dealing with Existential threat. Characters who belong to the old music help sustain the universe’s balance, while those influenced by the Echthroi spread division and violence. The motif of the old music also connects cosmic harmony to human responsibility. Individuals participate in this harmony through their choices, especially when they act with courage, compassion, and faith. Charles Wallace’s journey across different historical moments shows how human decisions either sustain or disrupt the larger harmony of the world. The old music therefore symbolizes the harmony of creation, a cosmic order that sustains life and opposes the forces that seek to distort or destroy it.
The motif of brother against brother reflects the human dimension of the conflict between the forces of creation and those that seek to distort or destroy its harmony. This primordial conflict, rooted in pride and lust for power, begins with the Welsh princes Madoc and Gwydyr. Madoc’s choice to flee Wales “to prevent the horror of brother against brother” establishes a pattern of division whose consequences echo through later generations (86). The motif appears again in the American Civil War, which the traumatized Bran Maddox describes as “Cain and Abel all over again” (265). The entire plot follows the consequences of this early conflict through the descendants of the two brothers, whose opposing lines shape later struggles for power. The final confrontation takes place in 19th-century Vespugia, where Gedder (a descendant of Gwydyr) vies for power against Rich Llawcae (a descendant of Madoc). By traveling to this pivotal moment, Charles Wallace is able to influence the outcome, influencing the moment that prevents Gedder from gaining power. This prevents the rise of the tyrannical “El Rabioso,” the future dictator Mad Dog Branzillo, while allowing the more-just leader known as “El Zarco” to emerge instead. The recurring pattern of brother against brother therefore illustrates how rivalry, pride, and the struggle for power repeatedly fracture human communities across generations.



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