57 pages • 1-hour read
A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Hamza discovers that living with Asha and Khalifa is not so difficult, although he spends most of his time avoiding Asha. He meets with his boss and the carpenter as they plan out the things they want to make. The merchant’s business is picking up as the country continues to recover from war and the British-built infrastructure. He wants to build a new workshop that will create a lot of school infrastructure chairs and desks for Tanzania. Meanwhile, Afiya trains as a seamstress.
Hamza has night terrors. One night, Afiya wakes him and asks him to describe what he saw. He talks about reliving war scenes and seeing images of the officer, the pastor, and the sergeant. Afiya worries that she may come home someday and find that, just as her parents and her brother suddenly deserted her, Hamza will be gone as well. He says he will never leave her because he was also abandoned as a child.
Five months after their marriage, Afiya miscarries on her first pregnancy. Asha cares for her tenderly, just as she did when Afiya was a little girl. After the miscarriage, Afiya rises with a new confidence and takes over many of the household duties she had relied on Asha to handle before. Just past their first anniversary, Afiya becomes pregnant again. Simultaneously, Asha begins to have extreme pain in her pelvic region. Afiya and Khalifa entreat her to go to the hospital or to a doctor. She refuses to allow anyone to take care of her even as her condition worsens.
Asha sends Hamza to procure religious documents for healing, which does not resolve her medical problems. Asha resorts to a female healer who tries a number of treatments over the course of several days, with no results. As her condition worsens, she allows an Indian doctor to examine her. It is determined that she has the bilharzia parasite, but more importantly, with cancerous tumors in her kidney and bladder. The doctor informs Khalifa that his wife has only a few months to live.
Afiya gives birth at home attended by a midwife. The labor is lengthy and forms a contrast to Asha’s decline: “The backyard door also stood open and the dying woman’s groans mingled with Afiya’s intermittent gasps of pain” (260). They name the baby boy Ilyas in honor of Afiya’s brother, whose fate is still unknown. Asha dies a few days after Ilyas is born. Khalifa grieves over the loss of his wife: “‘It is so final, that is what is surprising, what I did not properly understand,’ he said, ‘that this person is gone forever’” (262).
Nassor, who is now the outright owner of the house where Khalifa lives, is fully involved in plans for a new workshop, which he asks Hamza to run. When Hamza asks for a raise, Nassor says he will double his salary so that he can move out of the house where he lives with Khalifa. Nassor implies that he will force Khalifa to leave the house. Hamza asks if he can rent the house from Nassor so everyone can continue living where they are in peace.
This is a time of contentment for Afiya and Hamza as they watch their child grow up healthy and strong. Like his father, he is a dreamer, and often spends long periods of time by himself. Hamza renovates the house so there is ample room for everyone. Afiya has two more miscarriages. When Ilyas is five years old, the Great Depression strikes. Once again there is poverty, a lack of business, and a lack of resources.
Khalifa adores Ilyas, whom he refers to as his grandchild. He plays games with him, teaches him to read, and tells him marvelous stories. The child becomes the center of his parents’ lives, although Hamza believes that his son’s name continues to remind his wife of her missing brother. They do their best to track down the elder Ilyas, with no success.
A troubling issue arises with Ilyas beginning when he is 11 years old. He stands staring into the distance and whispering. No one knows what he is saying. They realize he speaks in a woman’s voice and that the woman calls out the name “Ilyas.” Even though they caution him about speaking in ways that might make people think he has an emotional problem, Ilyas loses the ability to resist the voice that speaks through him.
An exorcist is called in. She performs a three-hour rite. She announces there is a woman visitor inside the boy. She describes this disembodied spirit in such a way that it is clear she is talking about Asha, saying that this visitor will not rest or leave the boy alone until she finds out what happened to the older Ilyas.
In an act of desperation, Hamza writes the wife of the pastor who has moved to Berlin. He reintroduces himself and asks if she can possibly help him track down what happened to the older Ilyas.
Months after writing the letter, while he is at work in the wood workshop, Hamza receives a visit from a British police officer who insists that he accompany him to the police station.
Hamza is taken into a room with two officers, who ask him who he knows in Germany. He is presented with a letter from the pastor’s wife. They insist that he translate it into English. He reads through it twice, then translates that it says Ilyas survived the war and moved to Germany afterward. The British tell Hamza not to correspond with anybody in Germany because there is so much tension between the two nations as they prepare to go to war again. Hamza returns home and shares this news with Khalifa, Afiya, and their son Ilyas.
War breaks out and no more letters or information comes from Germany. Khalifa dies in 1942, after which Ilyas joins the KAR—the King’s African Rifles, the British equivalent of the askari—in a non-military role. This makes him a veteran at the conclusion of the war. Ilyas receives additional training as a radio commentator.
Afiya and Hamza continue to wonder what happened to the elder Ilyas in Germany. The younger Ilyas receives a scholarship to go to Germany to study broadcasting in 1963. He decides to do a documentary about tracking down his uncle, who moved to Germany after the war. He soon discovers that the pastor and his wife died because of an Allied bombing.
Ilyas looks through archives related to the new colonization movement the Nazis engaged in as they sought to win back their colonies. Ilyas discovers a photograph of a man, who must obviously be his uncle, at a Nazi rally. When he tracks down the names of the people in the photograph, he finds that his uncle changed his name slightly to Elias Essen. He sends a copy of the photo to his mother, who confirms it is indeed her brother.
Though he is not able to find a great deal more information about him, Ilyas learns that, when he came to Germany, the older Ilyas ended up working on ships as a singer. He married a German woman in 1933 and had several children with her. He was arrested in 1938 for having a relationship with a different white woman, which the Nazis called “defiling an Aryan woman” (308). He and a son who chose to go with him died in the concentration camp in 1942.
In the novel’s final chapters, the dynamics in Khalifa’s household shift, with power passing from the older generation to the younger one. As Asha dies, the younger Ilyas is born. Hamza steps in as the man of the house by persuading Nassor to rent to him so that Khalifa can remain with them, just as Afiya becomes the house’s matriarch as she grows in confidence and competence after Asha’s death. The loyalty and affection that Hamza and Afiya feel for Khalifa reflects the theme Understanding and Misunderstanding in Human Connection: Just as Khalifa learned to connect and treat both Hamza and Afiya with compassion in their times of need, so too are they doing the same for him. Their connections have deepened over time, leading to understanding and harmony in the household and bringing greater contentment to all.
The Oppression of Colonized People is once again the central theme as Hamza seeks to understand what became of the older Ilyas. The mysterious voice from within the younger Ilyas that the exorcist believes wishes to know the older Ilyas’s fate represents the ongoing effects of trauma from colonization. The family remains haunted about Ilyas’s unknown whereabouts. In their attempts at discovery, they once again come up against the barriers of colonialism and racial prejudice. Hamza is treated disrespectfully by the British when the letter from the pastor’s wife arrives for him, as they regard him with suspicion merely for having received the letter regarding Ilyas. Hamza is prevented from finding out more information through the intrusion of yet another war between colonial powers, as Britain and Germany hurtle toward World War II. In this small but significant way, Hamza is once again a pawn in the war games of colonial powers, who continue to dictate what he can and cannot do according to their own interests.
This theme reaches its climax at the novel’s end, when the younger Ilyas goes to Germany and discovers the end of his uncle’s story. The older Ilyas remains loyal to the Germans after the war, even immigrating to Germany and changing his name in an attempt to fully assimilate into the colonizer’s culture. Nevertheless, as is typical of the Tanzanians’ experiences in the novel, Ilyas is never rewarded for his open admiration for Germany: His status as a veteran, his marriage to a German woman, and even his apparent support for the Nazis through his presence at a rally is not enough to save him. Condemned for “defiling an Aryan woman” (308) through a consensual affair, Ilyas remains othered by the Germans until the very end. While Ilyas trusted in the worthiness and idealism of the German people, it is the enforcement of German racial prejudices that causes him to lose his life in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.



Unlock all 57 pages of this Study Guide
Get in-depth, chapter-by-chapter summaries and analysis from our literary experts.