49 pages • 1-hour read
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Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of death, suicidal ideation, sexual violence, and rape.
In late February, Clive is still struggling to create a finale for his Millennial Symphony, and he is frustrated because he finds his previous attempts unoriginal. He has delayed a planned walking trip to the Lake District for eight days because he had to fulfill previous commitments: attend a dinner, give a radio talk, and judge a composition prize at a school. He tells others he is simply taking a holiday, keeping his creative difficulties a secret.
On March 1, he finally makes it to the train station to leave on his vacation, and he is in a foul mood because of an argument he had with Vernon the previous night. This is the first time that the two have had a major disagreement, and it has upset Clive deeply. He even regrets making the euthanasia pact with him.
Clive travels by train from Euston Station to Penrith. On the platform, he steps in chewing gum. On the train, he disgustedly removes the gum from his shoe; then, he realizes he has forgotten his pen and misplaced his glasses, which fuels his growing misanthropy. He blames his foul mood on Vernon and re-evaluates their long friendship, deciding it has always been imbalanced and that Vernon lacks principle. After arriving in Penrith, Clive takes a taxi to his hotel in Stonethwaite, where he is the only guest.
The narrative flashes back to the events of the previous day. In the morning, Vernon phones Clive to request an urgent, in-person meeting. Though Clive had planned to leave to the Lake District that afternoon, he postpones his trip for another day and prepares supper for them both. Vernon arrives an hour late, looking stressed and unwell. He explains that he is facing a staff revolt at his newspaper but has just won a legal victory that allows him to publish a controversial story.
Vernon then shows Clive three black-and-white photographs taken by Molly of Garmony cross-dressing. Clive feels a sense of affection for Molly, interpreting the photos as a sign of intimate trust between her and Garmony. He decides that she would have destroyed these pictures if her illness hadn’t caught her by surprise.
However, Vernon shocks him by revealing his plan to publish the photos in the Judge the following week. He argues that it is necessary to expose Garmony’s political hypocrisy to prevent him from becoming prime minister. While Clive agrees that Garmony would make a terrible leader for the country, he also reminds Vernon that Vernon himself once fought for sexual freedom and gay rights.
Afterward, Clive and Vernon argue fiercely. Clive objects on ethical grounds, calling the publication a betrayal of privacy and of Molly’s trust. He also accuses Vernon of being a pawn in a revenge plot orchestrated by George. As the argument escalates, Vernon becomes angry at Clive’s lack of support and accuses him of being inoculated from real world problems by his wealth. Clive turns his back on Vernon and begins to eat supper alone as Vernon walks out of the house.
The narrative returns to the present timeline. Clive wakes up in his hotel the next morning feeling optimistic, and he hikes into the Langstrath Valley, hoping to find musical inspiration. The solitude initially makes him feel uncomfortable, so he chooses a steeper, more difficult ascent up Tongue Head to shake his lethargy. He struggles with the climb in heavy rain and feels old and exhausted, but his mood improves as the weather clears and he gets higher. In the distance, he sees a solitary woman in blue and briefly fantasizes about a romantic encounter with her. Feeling better, he resolves to call Vernon that evening to reconcile. He changes his route toward Allen Crags to avoid a large group of schoolchildren.
Suddenly, the three-note call of a bird startles him, providing the exact melodic inversion he needs for his symphony. As he pulls out his notebook to write it down, he is interrupted by voices. He sees the woman in blue arguing with a man in a tweed jacket by a small tarn. Clive watches as they struggle over her backpack, which the man throws into the water. The man then grabs the woman’s wrist and begins dragging her toward a rock face.
Torn between intervening and losing his musical inspiration, Clive prioritizes his art. He retreats, makes a wide detour around the scene, and finds a sheltered spot to work, justifying his inaction as being necessary for his creative process. After working for an hour, he believes he has successfully captured the melody. He hurries back to his hotel, immediately cancels the remainder of his trip, and arranges for a taxi, suddenly desperate to leave. He convinces himself that his urgent need to flee is a result of creative excitement, not shame.
On the morning before the Judge plans to publish the photographs of Garmony, Rose Garmony, Julian Garmony’s wife, who is a distinguished pediatric heart surgeon, wakes early in London. She mentally reviews her surgical cases, including a difficult operation on a nine-year-old girl named Candy.
Rose notices the press gathering outside her home. She makes a call and then makes tea and takes it to her husband. She hesitates before waking him, acknowledging that his waking moments have recently been very difficult. She sees that he has strewn Molly’s old letters on the floor, and Rose quietly thinks that she is glad Molly is dead. Then, she wakes her husband. They discuss the press presence outside the house, and she reminds him to clean up Molly’s letters. Rose calmly reassures him that everything will be fine, confirms her hospital schedule, and prepares to leave, composing herself before opening the door to face the waiting reporters.
At the same time, Vernon wakes from anxious dreams, feeling powerful about the imminent publication of the Garmony story and the Judge’s rising circulation. He is eager for the next day, which is to be publication day. Ever since the injunction was lifted, the Judge has stoked public curiosity about the photographs without revealing them. Though some people—including a few editors on his own staff—disagree with how the newspaper is violating Garmony’s privacy, most have come around to Vernon’s perspective that Garmony is a hypocrite who deserves the uncloaking.
George went on the open market with the photographs, which started a bidding war with other newspapers. Vernon was forced to quadruple his initial price to secure them. He recalls how he was struck by an existential crisis after Molly’s funeral, but now, Vernon feels full of life and purpose.
Still, he is troubled by his argument with Clive, so Vernon calls him to reconcile. Clive accepts a truce, agreeing to differ on the matter. He tells Vernon that he has been working hard on his symphony and that he will be in Amsterdam for rehearsals the following week. He also mentions that on his trip to the Lake District, he witnessed a man assaulting a woman, but Vernon, distracted by his many tasks, pays little attention.
Vernon goes to his office at Judge House and meets with his deputy foreign editor and secret ally, Frank. A flashback reveals that Frank had approached Vernon after a staff no-confidence vote, offering to be an informant to help Vernon secure the votes to publish the photographs. Frank railed against the newspaper’s old guard, who were reluctant to embrace modernization and make the changes necessary to ensure the paper’s longevity. However, he said that he and Vernon should keep his support for Vernon a secret since Frank would otherwise not have access to the dissenters’ opinions. Frank, like Vernon, wanted to ensure Garmony’s downfall and promised the support of the newspaper’s younger employees.
At the crowded 11 o’ clock morning conference, Vernon’s decision to forge ahead with the photographs is met with praise even from his previous detractors since this has resulted in an impressive increase in circulation. Deputy Editor Grant McDonald gives a speech, admitting his past doubts about Vernon’s strategy but now praising his leadership. While discussing other news stories, Home Editor Jeremy Ball mentions in passing that the “Lakeland rapist” has struck again. Vernon then unveils the next day’s front page, which is dominated by a photo of Garmony in a dress. It stuns the staff into silence. The obituaries editor is tasked with preparing material in case Garmony dies by suicide.
Later, bothered by a half-remembered detail from his conversation with Clive, Vernon connects Jeremy’s report with what Clive told him. He calls Jeremy for more details on the rapist case and then calls Clive again. Vernon accuses Clive of having witnessed the Lakeland rapist attack the woman in blue and of allowing another attack to happen through his inaction. He demands that Clive go to the police with this information. Clive furiously refuses, stating that his symphony is more important and that he doesn’t have the mental space for this complication. The two trade vicious insults. Vernon threatens to report Clive as an accessory to a crime, and Clive says that Vernon’s own ethical breach of publishing the photographs robs him of the right to judge others. Their argument is interrupted when Vernon’s secretary, Jean, alerts him that Rose Garmony is holding a live press conference.
Vernon watches the broadcast, which begins with footage celebrating Rose’s professional accomplishments as a surgeon. It showcases Rose’s compassion and skill after she successfully operates on Candy and meets the child’s grateful parents. The scene then cuts to the Garmony family’s country home in Wiltshire, where Rose stands with Julian Garmony and their children, Annabel and Ned, presenting a united front.
Rose gives a statement describing their marriage as one filled with love, mutual support, and understanding. She explains Julian’s cross-dressing habit, framing it as an endearing quirk that she fully accepts. She says that Molly was “a friend of the family” who took the photos in a “spirit of celebration” (134). Rose then holds up the exact photograph the Judge plans to use as its front-page scoop, neutralizing its shock value. In a direct message to Vernon, she calls him a “blackmailer” who possesses the “moral stature of a flea” (135). Vernon immediately understands that his story has been destroyed, grudgingly admiring Rose’s “consummate artistry” in handling the matter.
In the following days, public and political opinion swings decisively against Vernon. Protestors march on Judge House, and Garmony survives the scandal with the prime minister’s support.
At the Judge, Vernon’s allies abandon him. The board of directors convenes a meeting to fire him, but they are not sure on what grounds they can dismiss an editor they all praised just the previous week. George, who is a board member, finally provides the justification for Vernon’s dismissal, stating that Vernon’s biggest error was not pulling the story after Rose’s press conference.
The day after Vernon is fired, Frank is appointed as the new editor of the Judge. He immediately presides over a meeting that outlines a new editorial direction for the newspaper, completing its shift toward tabloidization. Among those in attendance is board member Tony Montano, who observes the proceedings.
McEwan uses the archetypal landscape of the Lake District to subvert its Romantic literary associations. Poets like William Wordsworth viewed this environment as a source of sublime inspiration that elevates the human spirit, as expressed in his poem “Daffodils.” However, in this novel, the Lake District becomes a theater for moral failure. Clive travels there seeking artistic inspiration to create a melody with the weight of Beethoven, but the creative breakthrough he experiences is directly contingent upon an act of moral abdication. When confronted with a man assaulting a woman, Clive faces a choice between intervention and artistic self-preservation. His decision to retreat and prioritize his composition—rationalizing that the “melody could not have survived the psychic flurry” (95)—represents an inversion of the Romantic ideal. His Millennial Symphony is thus founded not on an elevated connection to humanity but on a cowardly disconnection from it. The Lake District, therefore, becomes a symbol of his corrupted interiority, representing the theme of The Corrosion of Personal and Professional Ethics.
Vernon’s professional crisis in London serves as a public and political parallel to Clive’s ethical collapse, demonstrating how both their principles are corroded by ambition. While Clive abandons a stranger in the name of art, Vernon betrays a deceased friend in the name of public interest. His justification for publishing the Garmony photographs is a self-serving argument that masks a desperate attempt to save his failing newspaper. He frames his decision as a moral imperative to stop a hypocritical politician, yet his internal monologue reveals a man galvanized by the prospect of success and a feeling of being “large and benign, a little ruthless, perhaps, but ultimately good” (109). This inflated self-perception is a crucial element of his ethical decay, as it allows him to rationalize a gross invasion of privacy and a betrayal of Molly’s trust as a noble act.
The escalating conflict between the two friends dramatizes the theme of The Spiraling Nature of Vengeance and Betrayal, showing how their intellectual disagreement devolves into petty, ego-driven retaliation. Their initial argument over the photographs is framed as a debate on journalistic ethics, but it quickly dissolves into personal attacks, with Clive accusing Vernon of being a pawn in George’s revenge plot. This exchange establishes that their principles are merely weapons in a battle of vanity. The subsequent phone call, in which Vernon learns of Clive’s inaction in the Lakes, marks a critical turning point. He immediately weaponizes this information, not out of concern for the victim, but as leverage to punish Clive for his moral judgment. His threat to report Clive as an “[a]ccessory to an attempted rape” is a direct act of vengeance (130), transforming a private confession into a tool for coercion. This pattern of escalating betrayal dismantles their friendship and perverts their euthanasia pact, foreshadowing how their promise of compassion will become the mechanism for mutual destruction.
Against the backdrop of Clive’s and Vernon’s ethical failures, Rose Garmony emerges as a figure of formidable control and embodies The Hypocrisy of the Public Versus the Private Self. Vernon is filled with grudging admiration as he watches her press conference, seeing through her schemes as she pivots the narrative about the photographs. While Vernon believes that he is exposing a damning secret, Rose demonstrates that the meaning of a private act is determined by its public framing. Her performance is meticulously staged, from the footage of her as a compassionate surgeon to the idyllic family scene. She transforms Garmony’s cross-dressing from a potential source of shame due to mainstream British society’s discriminatory views (which Garmony himself pushed) into an emblem of marital trust. By revealing the photographs herself, she neutralizes their power as a weapon, and she recasts Vernon not as a crusading journalist but as a blackmailer. Vernon immediately recognizes that her concise labeling of him as a man with “the moral stature of a flea” is a perfect soundbite (135). Her capable persona, her calm, loving demeanor, and her carefully chosen words—including her false claim that Molly was a family friend—reveal that she has a far more sophisticated understanding of media and public opinion than Vernon possesses. Rose’s triumph underscores the novel’s cynical perspective on public life, showing that victory belongs not to the person with the strongest moral case, but to the one with the most skillfully managed narrative.
The novel’s bifurcated structure juxtaposes Clive’s isolated, internal world with Vernon’s chaotic, public one, while revealing them as mirrors of the same moral vacuity. The chapters in Part 3 are dominated by Clive’s interior monologue—his misanthropy, his physical struggle, and the self-justification for his cowardice. Part 4 shifts to the frenetic, external world of London media, depicting Vernon’s public battles, newsroom politics, and the ultimate spectacle of Rose Garmony’s press conference. This structural parallel highlights the irony that defines their characters. Clive, the aesthete, seeks a sublime sequence of notes but produces it through an act of profound ugliness. Vernon, the pragmatist and purveyor of public truth, is undone by a carefully constructed public fiction. By placing these narratives side-by-side, McEwan suggests that neither the rarefied pursuit of art nor the gritty engagement with politics offers protection from the corrupting influence of ego. Both men are ultimately undone by a vanity that places their own importance above their common humanity.



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