57 pages • 1-hour read
Claire KeeganA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of graphic violence, death, death by suicide, racism, sexual abuse, rape, and substance use.
Jay introduces himself and tells his story, beginning with where and how he met Butch. He was walking through town one day, when he spotted Butch playing music on the street. Jay immediately noticed how drunk Butch was, but admired his music. Not long later, Jay ran into Butch again at a bar, where Butch bought him a drink. They discovered they both liked fishing and Jay agreed they should go together sometime.
Shortly thereafter, Jay received a call from Butch in “the middle of the night” and suggested they go fishing (172). He had looked up Jay’s number. An unfazed Jay agreed, accustomed to fisherman keeping strange hours.
Jay arrived at the river to find Butch there waiting for him. He describes Butch’s appearance, remarking on his conversations with the police since these events occurred and suggesting the reader use these details to report Butch should they see him.
Jay and Butch headed out on the water in Jay’s boat. Although it was now dawn, it was still dark. Butch had brought beer and they drank together while casting their lines. The narrator felt unnerved when Butch caught a fish and immediately snapped its spine with a smile. Then he started talking about his wife, insisting he loved but hated her. He’d just discovered she was cheating on him, and to punish her he held her hand over the gas burner. Jay initially dismissed these remarks, sure that Butch was just spinning a tale. Then he noticed blood on Butch’s shirt. Butch passed it off as a nosebleed but went on to describe killing his wife.
Jay was stunned into silence. Butch looked out over the water, no longer drinking or fishing. Remembering a story he heard about a woman who was kidnapped by a violent man, Jay started talking to remind Butch that he was a human. Butch looked at him, but did not respond. Hours passed. Jay admits he could have killed Butch, but was too afraid. He was so afraid Butch would kill him that he was physically shaking when Butch stood to urinate over the side of the boat. They stayed on the water until the light waned again.
Finally, Butch rowed them back to shore, where he put his bloody shirt on Jay, tied him up in the marsh, took his car keys, and rowed back out on the river. In retrospect, Jay thinks Butch is the smartest man he’s ever met. He went out on the water to evade the police after killing his wife and hasn’t been found since. He also must have suspected that no one would believe Jay’s story should he survive. Jay wonders what would have happened if those kids hadn’t found him; he also wonders where Butch could be now.
The narrator’s parents have a man named Slapper Jim working for them. The narrator likes Slapper Jim, particularly helping him chop wood. Her mother often chastises her for doing men’s work, urging her to cook and dance instead. Every Saturday, the narrator’s parents and brother Eugene attend the local dances. One night, they return home and announce that Slapper Jim was at the dance with his girlfriend. Ma exclaims at Slapper’s inability to dance.
As well as the wood, the narrator likes to help Slapper Jim with the chickens and horses. Ma and Da continue badgering her about being careful and spending her time differently. Even still, the narrator continues working with Slapper Jim. He teaches her about farming and asks her about school. One day, they spend so long out with the horses, they get caught in the rain. Da gets angry with Slapper Jim for risking getting the narrator sick.
When the narrator turns 13, she gets her period. Now officially a woman, she is allowed to attend the dances. She joins her family at the dance hall, curiously studying the men and women kissing outside. She is particularly interested to see Slapper Jim kiss his girlfriend, but Ma pulls her away.
One snowy night, the narrator stays out on her horse too long and catches a cold. Slapper accompanies her to the house for dinner. Afterward, Ma insists on setting up an extra bed in the children’s room for Slapper Jim, worried about him “going home in this weather” (196). In the middle of the night, the narrator lies awake and watches Slapper enter, undress, and crawl into his bed. Cold, the narrator crawls in next to him and he wraps himself around her. The next day, she and Slapper go sledding. She has the sense she is now Slapper’s secret.
Not long later, the narrator is out on her horse in the snow when she comes upon Slapper’s body hanging from a tree. She races home to get her family and show them what happened. No one can believe it; they all speculate death by suicide. The family attends the services. When they return home, Ma and Da put on a record and insist on teaching Eugene to dance properly, as he never has been able to. The narrator assumes they are trying to give him something Slapper Jim didn’t have to keep him from the same fate. The narrator joins in, too.
The final short stories in the collection, “You Can’t Be Too Careful” and “The Ginger Rogers Sermon,” reframe the novel’s explorations of both the Destabilizing Nature of Loss and Grief and Female Agency Constrained by Domesticity and Gender Roles via recurring images of violence. In “You Can’t Be Too Careful,” the first-person narrator Jay loses his sense of dignity and control when he finds himself trapped out on the river in his own boat with a murderer. Jay is unsure how to handle this situation because he feels powerless. The story is told using the first-person “double I” perspective, meaning that Jay’s present tense perspective and past tense perspective overlap on the page. At the time of the incident, Jay felt immobilized by fear—terrified of losing his own life. In retrospect, he sees Butch as more of a clever hero and himself as a passive boobie; time has caused him to reframe his understanding of the story. At the same time, Jay pays little interest to the story’s true heart: Butch’s wife’s death. Butch’s heinous act of violence—committed because his wife allegedly slept with another man—is covertly embedded within Jay’s larger, retrospective account—almost as an afterthought or appendage to what Jay experienced. Jay’s dignity and mortality are at the fore of the narrative, while the wife remains lost in the shadows of his story. This formal presentation of Butch’s wife’s murder enacts how violence against women is often buried from public sight. The police have allegedly been searching for Butch and interrogating Jay for answers, but Jay barely comments upon the woman Butch killed. Her story is erased, while Butch is lauded as being “the smartest man alive” (181) for evading the police. In this story, Jay does lose his dignity—represented by the image of him tied in the marsh until he is found by some local children—but the story’s real loss centers around Butch’s wife—her story erased by the prominence of Butch’s legacy.
In the collection’s final story “The Ginger Rogers Sermon,” the narrator is forced to cope with a similarly complicated iteration of death and loss when she stumbles upon Slapper Jim’s body hanging from the tree on her family’s property. Here, losing Slapper Jim coincides with the narrator’s loss of innocence. Slapper Jim’s death follows her sexual awakening, implying that the narrator’s attempt to use Sex as a Form of Self-Exploration has caused this event. The story does cast blame on the narrator without explicitly naming the abusive dynamics of grooming—and potentially rape when they share a bed, though this is never stated.
As Keegan implies throughout the collection, sex offers the characters the illusive opportunity for escape, for control, and for basic human comfort. However, each time the characters act on these impulses, they are also challenging social norms or their prescribed gender roles. In Keegan’s narrative universe, rebelling against these systems almost always has devastating results. The image of Slapper Jim’s death in “The Ginger Rogers Sermon” echoes the image of Butch’s wife’s death in “You Can’t Be Too Careful,” embedded into the narrative and minimized by the narrative precedence put on surrounding events. Indeed, the final short story ends with the image of the narrator and her family dancing in the parlor, a scene that conjures a celebratory rather than a mournful mood. Slapper Jim’s death is glossed over, yet the family teaches their son, Eugene, to dance as though Slapper Jim’s ability to dance led to his downfall. In this final scene, each character returns to their prescribed gendered norms, as Eugene learns to dance and seduce and the narrator learns to follow.



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