Antarctica

Claire Keegan

57 pages 1-hour read

Claire Keegan

Antarctica

Fiction | Short Story | Adult | Published in 1999

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Symbols & Motifs

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes depictions of graphic violence.

Food and Cooking

Recurring references to food and cooking throughout the collection act as a motif representing domesticity, caretaking, and maternity. In “Antarctica,” the woman is deceived by her lover’s seemingly harmless front; the repeated images of him buying and preparing her food make her feel safe with and cared for by him. These images shift, however, when the lover ends up feeding her while she is chained to the bed at the story’s end; on its surface, the action is nurturing but is in fact a sign of his power over and manipulation of the woman. In “Men and Women,” the narrator and her mother are constantly in the kitchen cooking, often while the husband and son entertain themselves with other games or pastimes; the women are assuming the assigned roles as housekeepers and caregivers. In “The Singing Cashier,” images of food and cooking abound—as in the “cod or lemon sole or whiting wrapped in newspaper” (84), the remaining “two eggs, a tub of Flora margarine, a wilted head of lettuce” (85) in the fridge, the “Oatmeal boiled over” (86) on the stove, and the runny egg yolk the narrator serves Cora at the story’s end. Because such imagery is so prominent, it suggests abundance, but in truth, the sisters’ reality is much like the stinking fish wrapped in the newspaper filled with bad news. The sisters remain consigned to their limiting circumstances, struggling to survive and narrowly escaping death.


In other stories like “Sisters” and “Passport Soup,” the symbolic meaning behind the culinary imagery similarly mutates over the course of each story. In “Sisters,” the images of the vegetables, jams, milk, and fruits conjure notions of a pleasant, bountiful homestead. Later, Louisa eats Betty’s plums, in effect devouring her self-endowed sense of fertility and health. Later still, Betty cooks a lavish dinner for the family but the meat bleeds “on the serving plate” and “the carrots are rubbery and overcooked” (123). What appears homey and comforting is in fact dissatisfying, tasteless, and ruined. In “Passport Soup,” the same phenomenon surrounding food occurs when Frank Corso returns home one night to find “a big pot of soup simmering on the stove, warm bread in a basket on the table” and his wife “setting the table” (159). He immediately reads these as signs of forgiveness and acceptance, but soon discovers the images of his missing daughter in the soup. The wife’s culinary display is in fact a ruse; she lures her husband in so she can confront him for his role in their daughter’s disappearance. Throughout the collection, food and cooking operate as archetypes for the proverbial “home and hearth,” but always have a more sinister undertone, which proves these archetypes fraudulent.

Houses

Repeated images and descriptions of houses throughout the collection act as a motif for entrapment. In “Antarctica,” the lover’s house has an ominous atmosphere that forebodes the woman’s fate at the story’s end: the “door needed oil; the hinges creaked,” the walls are “plain and pail, the sills dusty” (5). In “Men and Women,” to access the narrator’s house “you must drive up a long lane through a wood, open two sets of gates and close them behind you” (19). The remote location of the house and the gates surrounding it create a sense of entrapment, which is mirrored in the narrator’s and her mother’s experiences of their life therein. In “Love in the Tall Grass,” Cordelia voluntarily traps herself inside her own home after her affair with the doctor ends. She does not leave the home, paying “her bills through the mail,” throwing “the transistor radio with all its bad news away,” covering “the TV with a tablecloth,” and ordering all of her groceries to the front door (55); meanwhile, a thick layer of dust forms over every surface. Cordelia cuts herself off from the outside world because she feels her irrelevance to the doctor’s life has rendered her irrelevant to society; the house is her refuge and her trap.


In a story like “Sisters,” the primary house setting also operates on multiple metaphoric levels. Initially, Betty feels trapped by the space because Louisa effectively abandons her there with her ailing father to venture off to England to get married. Over time, the house becomes her refuge and a manifestation of her strength and independence. When Louisa tries to intrude upon this space, Betty forces her out; she does not like that what was entrapping and ugly to Louisa all along should suddenly become a potential refuge. In “The Burning Palms,” Gran’s house operates on more than one symbolic level, too; on the one hand, the house represents Gran’s irrelevance to society, as it is surrounded by a high stone wall, blocking anyone from seeing in or out. However, Gran is fiercely defensive of the house because it is hers, and represents her independence as an older woman. At the story’s end, she burns it down because she realizes the house isn’t as protective as she once thought it was. She decides to destroy this domestic bubble before anyone else can rob her of the illusion of safety and protection.

Clothing, Hair, and Dress

References to clothing, hair, and dress throughout Keegan’s collection represent notions of femininity, independence, and identity. In “Antarctica,” the woman is often depicted removing her clothes or entirely naked. These images convey her feelings of self-empowerment at the story’s start; later, however, her lack of clothing symbolizes her powerlessness as her femininity and attempts at autonomy have endangered her. In “Men and Women,” the narrator’s mother’s dress and heels at the dance convey her desire to claim autonomy by dressing herself up; the narrator remarks on the image of her mother clip-clopping up the hall in her heels to claim her prize. She is trying to assert herself, and the imagery of her shoes captures this attempt to do so via her appearance. In “Quare Name for a Boy,” the narrator subjects herself to ridicule from her female relatives when she unpacks her bags and they “lean in […] and make conversation, wondering about my clothes, if my shoes are patent, my dresses silk. […] They finger the fabric, see how deep the hems are, read the labels, ruminate” (102). This imagery is an invasion of the woman’s private life and independence. The story “Sisters” is rife with imagery of Louisa brushing her hair, wrapping it in towels, putting creams on her face, bathing, or walking around in a bathrobe or nightgown; this imagery conveys Louisa’s vanity, but also contrasts sharply with Betty’s more humble, subdued self-presentation. The way the sisters carry and dress themselves reveals how they see themselves—and particularly conveys their distinct expressions of femininity and self-empowerment.

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