Blackberry Eating

Galway Kinnell

17 pages 34-minute read

Galway Kinnell

Blackberry Eating

Fiction | Poem | Adult | Published in 1980

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Literary Devices

Form & Meter

The form of “Blackberry Eating” does not follow strict metrical patterns. Technically, it is a quatorzain, or a one-stanza 14-line poem without an end-rhyme scheme. The meter of the poem is more free verse than strict unrhymed iambic pentameter or blank verse. In this case, it can also be classified as the un-rhymed American sonnet made popular by Robert Lowell’s book-length sonnet sequence The Dolphin (1973). “Blackberry Eating” also has aspects of a Petrarchan sonnet, with a turn or volta after the first eight lines of the poem. The turn introduces a new argument to the poem that usually builds on the original arguments in the poem. A Petrarchan sonnet has a strict rhyme scheme (ABBAABBA CDECDE) and is organized into an octave and a sestet, with the poetic turn after the octave. The poem also has a general theme of love for nature, which counts for the usual subject of sonnets: love.

Alliteration

Alliteration takes the place of a rhyme scheme in “Blackberry Eating.” Alliteration is the repetition of the same letter or sound at the beginning of closely adjacent words.


One type of alliterative sound used for effect in the poem is plosives. These are popping or harsh sounds using consonants like /b/ /p/ /t/ /d/ k/. Plosives work by stopping air from flowing out of the mouth and then suddenly releasing it. The first half of the poem is heavy with these plosives: “overripe,” “black,” “blackberries,” “breakfast,” “prickly,” “penalties.” When reading the poem aloud, the reader can feel and hear the plosives breaking from their mouth. These plosives create a twist on the tongue, similar to chewing and biting down on berry seeds. Kinnell encourages the reader to taste the words with him.


Another alliterative sound used in the second half of the poem is sibilants. Sibilants are fricative consonants made by directing a stream of air with the tongue toward the teeth. They make a hissing or shh-ing sound with consonants like: /s/ /sh/ /ch/ /z/. Some examples are the active verbs that fall like berries to the speaker’s tongue: “strengths,” “squinched,” “squeeze,” “splurge.” While sibilants are usually used for sinister effects in poetry, in this case they add to the speaker’s mastery of language. Many sibilants chained together by alliteration can also leave an inexperienced reader tongue-tied. But the speaker has practice and patience with these sounds. For him, sibilants have a flowing feel on the tongue, which can mimic swallowing the blackberry juice.

Repetition

Repetition is the use of the same term or phrase several times throughout a poem. To set the scene of the poem, Kinnell repeats that he collects the berries in “late September” (Line 1). This is an unusual time to forage blackberries, which are usually harvested in the summertime. In this case, Kinnell uses late September as a nod to the period of life he is in; it also nods to his unconventional life choices as a poet and constant traveler.


The most significant words repeated over and over again in “Blackberry Eating” are “black” and “blackberries.” This repetition centers the poem on the blackberry plants as characters in the poem that the speaker interacts with. In this case, the plants have agency to give their fruit and protect themselves. Kinnell also uses the word “black” to subvert the binary opposition corresponding to black/white to claim blackness as a positive description. This poem reclaims terms like “black art” and “black language” as beautiful and natural terms essential to creating poetry.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text

Unlock all 17 pages of this Study Guide

Get in-depth, chapter-by-chapter summaries and analysis from our literary experts.

  • Grasp challenging concepts with clear, comprehensive explanations
  • Revisit key plot points and ideas without rereading the book
  • Share impressive insights in classes and book clubs