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Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of racism, gender discrimination, sexual violence, rape, bullying, and mental illness.
Thomil and Sciona face different kinds of bias in Tiran. Sciona, a single highly-educated woman, is a victim of sometimes violent misogyny, and Thomil, a member of the Kwen ethnic group, faces brutally repressive racism. At the same time, the narrative explores the intersectionality of intolerance. As a Tiranish person and a mage, Sciona is part of the oppressive ethnic elite and a direct contributor to the suffering of the Kwen people. These harmful prejudices are portrayed as systemic: They are the product of Tiranish culture, and the power structure that created these unfair norms also benefits from and enforces them. To keep their social and political status, Tiranish men prevent both women and Kwen people from acquiring equal rights and realizing their own potential.
Tiran oppresses women by keeping them from higher education and from the ranks of the ruling class of mages. Only one woman per generation is allowed to even test to become a highmage; the test then is rigged to induce failure to prove that women are unsuited for the role. The mages couch this in the terms of paternalistic benevolence: Tiranish gender norms, which draw on women’s second-class status in 19th century England, characterize women as too delicate and innocent to participate in public life. By ostensibly giving one woman the chance to succeed only to have each fail, male mages incentivize Tiranish women to buy into the system and to internalize the idea that women are inferior.
Tiran’s control of its Kwen neighbors instead relies on marginalization and othering. Tiran’s historical and religious accounts cast Kwen tribes as primitive, vicious, and better off when stripped of their culture—a characterization that draws on the portrayals of Indigenous peoples of the American continents during US expansion. Kwen people are portrayed as a dangerous mass; dehumanizing them allows Tiran to stop caring about the ravages of the Blight or investigate the source of magic energy.
The novel ironizes the success of its main characters as being the result of Tiranish men’s intervention. Sciona’s academic achievements are earned through her hard work, but her rise is due to Bringham’s influence—it is he who uses his political capital to push her into a position usually closed off to women. Whether Bringham does this out of guilt or due to seeing Sciona as a surrogate daughter, he inadvertently instigates the breakdown of the Tiranish system. While Renthorn elevates Thomil to the position of Sciona’s assistant as a mean-spirited joke, his actions give Thomil the opportunity to collaborate with a mage—access no Kwen person has been afforded before. As a result, Renthorn indirectly contributes to the destruction of the mages. Sciona prophetic declaration that her “exam will have consequences for people who aren’t me” (18) predicts the plot of the book: One break of the pattern can make the whole crumble.
Tiran’s mages are both political rulers and the city’s religious authority, making Tiran a theocratic oligarchy. Tiranish belief tradition holds that magic is the creation and domain of God. Thus, it is not surprising that faith is used directly to oppress the Kwen people and perpetuate stereotypes about the goodness of colonial expansion. The inclusion of verses from the Tirasid—Tiran’s holy book—as epigraphs for most chapters reinforces this worldbuilding; the constant messaging is that Kwen people are inferior due to their different religious beliefs, and that by diverting from the true religion they’re condemned to hell. This rigidity controls how characters act, leading them to justify the horrors of the Blight in the name of religious truth.
The Tirasid’s insistence that Kwen beliefs have doomed their practitioners to damnation absolves Tiranish characters from engaging with Kwen suffering. Moreover, couching systemic oppression as religiously a way of lifting Kwen people out of apostasy means that even kind characters like Alba accept the necessity of Kwen pain. When totalitarian religious beliefs form the framework for existence, trying to veer outside this narrative becomes internalized as taboo heresy. Religion thus creates a feedback loop: Tiran oppress Kwen people because they believe they are justified to do so; increasing oppression is a way of being even more godly. Meanwhile, anyone who questions the status quo or urges altruism must grapple with ostracization.
While the novel has a negative view of organized religion, it does not wholly dismiss the positive aspects of faith. Wang upholds the pantheistic tradition of the Kwen tribes as a corrective, as Sciona is inspired by its focus on holistic and fluid interaction with the environment and other people. Learning about Thomil’s beliefs allows Sciona to disconnect from the religious authority to which she has yielded her critical thinking, but Sciona never abandons her faith in God. Even as she plots mass murder, she accepts that her actions will take her to Hell. The novel leaves the question of how people should uphold a faith responsible for the suffering of millions unanswered; but the example of Tiran shows how easily dogma justifies atrocity.
Patriarchal Tiran culture’s relationship to thought mirrors the real-world approaches of 18th-century Europe. In Tiran’s academia, intellect and emotion are presented as opposite forces, with logic portrayed as the superior realm of men and sentiment the inferior realm of women.
However, the novel dismisses this dichotomy. No one is guided purely by feelings or reason—such a being would erase their own humanity and potential for more. Instead, the novel argues that the tensions between emotions and logic are what make us human, and all people should aim to use both within reason to become their best selves. Sciona, for instance, consistently operates in both realms, using her powerful intellect and her access to deeply felt emotion to inform her understanding of her world.
We see Sciona balance her sense and sensibility before her highmage exam: She has readied her tactical and strategic faculties, but also cannot repress her nervousness. Even though at this point in the narrative, she still prizes the ideal of being a purely rational being and dismisses her emotions as weakness, she still feels powerfully. As the narrative progresses, Sciona, aided by Thomil, grows to accept her emotions and empower herself through them, recognizing the value of love and being loved and understanding how grief, rage, and guilt can be motivators. Sciona’s mental health challenge after discovering that siphoning magic kills living beings illustrates how damaging ignoring emotional reactions can be. The mages who designed the siphoning system and those who practice it without remorse ignore the pangs of their conscience. Aunt Winny, who has also internalized the idea that emotional lability is dangerous, wants to lobotomize Sciona to cure her mental illness; however, Sciona and Alba both recognize that even difficult or unruly emotions are necessary. Without her depression, Sciona could not have conceived of her act of radical rebellion; without her intellectual resources, she could not have executed it.
While Sciona learns to balance her intellectual and emotional sides, the novel shows us what happens when these aspects of personality are not in equilibrium. Alba is completely in touch with her emotions—she is a kind, thoughtful, supportive friend to her cousin. However, when Sciona asks her instead to use her logical brain to consider the horrific effects of magical siphoning, Alba refuses to engage—she would rather cut off the relationship than compel herself to rationally examine Tiran. Renthorn imagines himself to be a cold academic machine; however, in reality, he is controlled by his lust for power. Rather than producing an impressive plan for city expansion—as would befit an intellectual star—he resorts to violence, attempting to kill a rival mage and then to sexually assaulting Sciona. His love of magic is fueled by viciousness and a love of inflicting suffering. Bringham pretends to be a progressive intellectual, whose shepherding of Sciona dispels outdated stereotypes, but in reality, he is puppeted by shame and guilt about the harm he has inflicted on the many Kwen women working in his factories. Thus, the novel presents intellect and emotionality as fundamentally human and inescapable; suppressing either leads to dysfunction.



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