52 pages • 1-hour read
Donna Jo NapoliA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of bullying, gender discrimination, sexual violence, mental illness, physical abuse, emotional abuse, child abuse, animal cruelty and death, graphic violence, enslavement, illness, and death.
The narrative moves forward a month. Xing Xing’s stepmother begins leaving the cave more frequently. She renews her friendships with the local women who shunned her during her marriage to Wu, whom they considered “uppity.” The stepmother seeks the aid of go-betweens, elderly women who help families arrange marriages. However, two go-betweens declare that Wei Ping has no prospects because her feet are still considered large.
The carp and the racoon grow rapidly over the course of the month. By bonding over their mutual love for the animals, Xing Xing and Wei Ping develop “a comradeship they’d never known before” (30). During the stepmother’s time away from home, Xing Xing cleans the cave and keeps her half-sister company. One day, Wei Ping opens up about the terrible pain her feet cause her. She tries to assure herself that her suffering will have meaning once she’s married and has sons, but Xing Xing is inwardly unconvinced.
When her mother returns and proposes that they sell the fruit of their jujube date tree, Wei Ping grows fearful that they’re running out of money. She beseeches her mother to remarry, but the stepmother reacts with shock because remarriage would be a scandal in their culture. Instead, she proposes a plan to find a husband for her daughter: Xing Xing will harvest their green jujubes and sell them to an itinerant doctor so that he will proclaim that Wei Ping is the one who discerned the plant’s medicinal power. Both girls are troubled that the stepmother is willing to resort to deceit, but they don’t question her. Xing Xing goes out to harvest the dates, bringing the carp with her so that the racoon won’t be tempted to eat it.
While Xing Xing is out gathering jujubes, she hears human and animal screams coming from the caves. She rushes back and sees that the raccoon has eaten two of the toes on Wei Ping’s left foot. Her stepmother beats the raccoon to death with a stick and tells her daughter to look at this misfortune as an opportunity: “[N]ow your feet will be much smaller than we’d dared to hope” (41).
Xing Xing’s stepmother orders her stepdaughter to bring her a cleaver. When Xing Xing doesn’t move, she threatens to cut her face for bringing the “demon” raccoon and the “demon” fish into their home. Weeping, Xing Xing runs outside and returns the carp to the pond. Behind her, Wei Ping shrieks in pain as her mother chops off two of the toes on her right foot so it will match her left foot.
.Xing Xing sits beside the pool and speaks to her mother’s spirit: “Mother, what can I do? Where can I go?” (43). She’s certain that her stepmother will kick her out of the family, leaving her with few options. The fish caresses her fingertips soothingly. Xing Xing blames herself for what befell Wei Ping, thinking that the raccoon must be the reincarnation of a wicked person and recalling that she didn’t trust the animal with the fish. Distraught, Xing Xing imagines herself as a frog swept out to sea by a “wild and swift” (43) river.
Some time later, Xing Xing’s stepmother, now washed and dressed in clean clothes, tells her to fetch the enslaved boy who works for Master Tang so that he can help Xing Xing carry Wei Ping. The stepmother announces that they’re going to visit her husband’s grave. She also tells Xing Xing to sell the bowl that used to hold the fish to Master Tang’s wife and warns her never to tell anyone what happened to Wei Ping’s toes.
Master Tang’s wife, Mei Zi, agrees to purchase the bowl as a gift for her daughter-in-law. She leaves the room to retrieve the payment, and Xing Xing gazes in awe at the luxurious furniture, elaborate art, and rows upon rows of beautifully painted bottles of medicine that fill the Tang family’s home. When Mei Zi returns, Xing Xing asks if she has any medicine for foot pain, and the woman explains that the bottles are empty decorative objects. Mei Zi gives Xing Xing a purse filled with copper coins and offers her one of the centuries-old pottery shards in her collection. Xing Xing humbly tries to refuse the gift, but Mei Zi insists that Xing Xing should have one of the artifacts because she recognizes their beauty and value. Xing Xing selects a shard with a picture of a frog and a carp on it.
Xing Xing, her stepmother, and Wei Ping gather at the shrine where they worship the ancestors of the Wu family. The woman presents an offering of rice and snake meat and beseeches the ancestors’ spirits to bless Wei Ping and Xing Xing so that the family can escape misfortune. Wei Ping is delirious with agony, and her mother urges Xing Xing and the enslaved boy to carry Wei Ping to Master Wu’s grave as quickly as they can.
At her father’s grave, Wei Ping cries out, “Stop this pain, Father, I beg you. I beg all my ancestors” (57). The stepmother apologizes to Master Wu’s spirit for her daughter’s blunt, emotional words. Xing Xing and the boy light candles and incense, which they believe will invite spirits to draw near. With great formality and humility, the stepmother reminds Master Wu’s spirit that their family performed all the proper funerary rites for him and that she will continue to dress in ugly and uncomfortable sackcloth until she has been a widow for three years, so they shouldn’t be haunted by harmful spirits. She also apologizes for Wei Ping’s suggestion that she remarry and states that she would sooner die than take another husband. She promises that, if Master Wu helps Wei Ping find a husband, she will raise her daughter’s second son as her own child, giving Wu the male heir that he didn’t have while he was alive.
The stepmother sets a sack of paper money on fire as an offering to her late husband, and Wei Ping voices her fear that the family cannot afford this. Xing Xing’s heart is filled with pity for her stepmother and Wei Ping. She blames herself for not sensing when her father’s death was near. He perished instantly when he fell into a ravine, so she never had a chance to hear his last words. Knowing that her father loved “little objects of beauty” (59), Xing Xing buries the pottery shard Mei Zi gave her beside his grave. She comforts herself with the thought that the friendship of the carp in the pool means more to her than an object painted with a fish.
The stepmother resolves to protect her daughter from demons even if she has to “fight with [her] very life” (64). She has Xing Xing and the enslaved boy construct bamboo walls and a bamboo corridor around the kang where the feverish Wei Ping rests because demons are believed to be unable to turn corners. The family also places a plate of pork on Wei Ping’s bed and scatters boxes of insects around the home to distract evil spirits.
The next day, the stepmother sends Xing Xing out into the summer heat to search for the itinerant doctor. She doesn’t give her daughter any food because she hopes that hunger will motivate her to move faster. Before Xing Xing leaves on her errand, she visits the carp and promises to return to it.
Xing Xing walks to the neighboring village, where she sees men betting on fights between insects. She asks a shopkeeper about the doctor and learns that he’s already gone to a town downriver that’s at least half a day’s journey away. She worries what the delay will mean for her stepmother and Wei Ping.
In the novel’s second section, the stepmother’s increasing desperation to find Wei Ping a husband illustrates The Struggle for Female Autonomy in a Patriarchal Society. During the Ming dynasty, societal restrictions forced women to depend upon men for their financial survival. The stepmother sees marrying her daughter off as the only hope to secure the family’s future—a pressure that causes Wei Ping significant stress, leading her to suggest that her mother remarry instead. However, societal expectations also forbid the family from pursuing this option as “Widows of decent families do not remarry […] It is a small matter to starve to death but a large matter to lose one’s virtue” (34). The phrasing of the stepmother’s refusal echoes the lack of value her culture places on women’s lives, prioritizing “virtue” and respectability over their well-being. A similar scene plays out when the stepmother burns the bag of paper money at Wu’s grave even though the family is poor, prompting Wei Ping to ask, “Can we afford all that?” in a “broken voice [that] trembled in fear” (59). The ways the stepmother prioritizes social custom and belief over her living daughter and stepdaughter’s well-being emphasizes the negative impact of patriarchal norms on the characters’ lives.
The historical context around marriage and finances in the novel provides insight into The Violence of Beauty Norms the stepmother inflicts upon her daughter. Even before Wei Ping loses her toes, the pain in her bound feet is so great that she goes against her mother’s command not to speak of them and confides in Xing Xing that she has “no idea how bad [the pain] is” (32). Wei Ping’s festering injuries produce the “stink that [draws] the demon raccoon to them,” resulting in further mutilation to her feet (45). The chaotic scene in which Xing Xing sees her “blood-spattered” stepmother stand over the raccoon’s battered corpse while Wei Ping “howled at the ceiling, throwing herself around” (40), raises the novel’s sense of urgency and darkens its mood, marking a stark shift from the tense but predictable routine of the family’s lives.
The brutality of the stepmother cutting off two more of her daughter’s toes with a cleaver is the novel’s most visceral example of the violence of beauty standards and the desperation that drives women to uphold them. The dismissive assessment of the two go-betweens who “had taken one look at Wei Ping’s long feet and declared her not marriageable” helps to explain why the stepmother sees the loss of two toes as an “opportunity” to make her daughter’s feet smaller and thus more beautiful by their cultural standards (32). Wei Ping’s deteriorating condition has serious implications for the family’s welfare and her mother’s mental health, as indicated by the stepmother’s obsession with fighting demons in Chapter 12. This decline adds to the urgency of Xing Xing’s search for the itinerant doctor, which is the focus of the next section.
In these chapters, ancient Chinese spiritual beliefs highlight The Importance of Familial Support and the Harm of Neglect. Confucianism strongly shapes the characters’ attitudes and actions, as evidenced by the scenes that revolve around ancestor worship and the stepmother’s declaration that they “place family above all” (55). In Chapter 9, the protagonist fears that her stepmother will throw her out of the family: “A girl alone in the world had few choices. [….] [H]er prettiness could well condemn her to a life without virtue” (45). The implication that Xing Xing will be sex trafficked if her relatives abandon her emphasizes the necessity of familial support in an era when girls faced severe danger and exploitation. This historical context helps to explain why the protagonist clings to her family despite her stepmother’s abuse and neglect. Conversely, the carp Xing Xing comes to believe represents her mother’s spirit, develops into a motif of familial support by comforting Xing Xing in times of difficulty.



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