36 pages 1-hour read

Brown Girl in the Ring

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1998

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Chapters 12-14Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 12 Summary

Crack Monkey and Barry hold down Ti-Jeanne while Rudy slices his granddaughter’s thigh open and injects her with bufo powder, a paralyzing agent. With Ti-Jeanne unable to move, Rudy places her inside a black sack and douses her with white rum in preparation for the ritual that will make her Rudy’s new duppy. Rudy prepares four mounds of gunpowder, which will ignite once Ti-Jeanne willingly relinquishes her spirit from her body.


To convince Ti-Jeanne to release her spirit from her body, Rudy lies to her. He tells her that Mi-Jeanne came to him, believing that Mami put visions in her head. Ti-Jeanne starts to question whether Mami did the same to her to keep her tethered to her. Rudy further says that Mi-Jeanne came to him to ask for relief from the heartache of the world, that “she didn’t want the pains of the body anymore” (215). He says that Mi-Jeanne willingly gauged out her own eyes for the ritual to separate her spirit from her body. He concludes this story by offering Ti-Jeanne the same relief from the physical world. If she relinquishes her spirit from her body, she too can live in duppy form as Mi-Jeanne has done. Rudy’s lies are so convincing that Ti-Jeanne starts to believe them at first. She feels herself astral projecting from her body. One by one, the mounds of gunpowder ignite.


Ti-Jeanne finds herself floating above the CN Tower. There, she encounters the Jab-Jab again who tells her that Rudy is lying. He explains that Mami had been “serving the spirits” (218) as many had done before her. On the other hand, Rudy continues to make spirits serve him. The Jab-Jab instills her with visions of Rudy’s abuse of Mami, his forcing Mi-Jeanne to kill Dunston, and his slow torture of Melba. The visions make her realize that she must be the “Duppy Conqueror” (219) and stop Rudy. She suddenly remembers Mami’s words: “The centre pole is the bridge between the worlds” (221). She realizes that the CN Tower is a pole that connects the heavens where the African deities reside and the dead spirits below ground. She calls upon all eight of the African deities and the souls of the dead to come to her assistance.


One by one the gods come to Ti-Jeanne’s aid. Shango and Oya conjure a storm and strike lightning against the CN Tower. Where the tower has cracked, Oshun and Emanjah pour water through the fissures. Shakpana, the lord of disease, inflicts Crack Monkey and Barry with debilitating sores and boils, causing them to writhe in pain. Osain starts to heal the wounds on Ti-Jeanne’s body. Once Ti-Jeanne starts to regain her strength and movement, she slides out of the black sack and tells Rudy, “No” (223). She melts the knife that Rudy used to bind her. The deity Ogun swallows the melting knife. The final mound of gunpowder remains untouched.


As Ti-Jeanne awaits the Prince of Cemetery’s presence, she realizes that the Jab-Jab has been him all along. She laughs at her delayed realization. As the deities continue to punish Crack Monkey and Barry, Rudy tries to run away through the elevator. When the elevator opens, the Prince of Cemetery appears with the souls of everyone Rudy has murdered following behind. Ti-Jeanne is elated to see that Mami is in this company, beaming proudly at her granddaughter for stopping Rudy’s violence. With nowhere to run, Oshun and Emanjah fill the room with water, washing away the remains of Rudy, Crack Monkey, and Barry. With the perpetrators gone, the souls of dead depart too. Ti-Jeanne is alone with Osain and the Prince of Cemetery, who share their pride in her powers but warn her not to summon so many spirits again as it can be dangerous. Exhausted, Ti-Jeanne makes her way home.

Chapter 13 Summary

Fatigued from battle, Ti-Jeanne wearily makes her way home through the city center. She dreads finding Mi-Jeanne’s dead body. Before she left to fight Rudy, she instructed the children to deliver the baby to her friend, Jenny. Jenny is waiting for Ti-Jeanne in Mami’s house with Baby. Surprisingly, Mi-Jeanne is alive and resting in bed. Jenny explains that Mi-Jeanne introduced herself to her as Ti-Jeanne’s mother and seemed to be in a bad state with a bullet wound. Fortunately, the bullet wound did not puncture any central organs. Ti-Jeanne is elated at Mi-Jeanne’s survival and to be reunited with Baby.


Meanwhile, Premier Uttley’s new heart has started to reject her body. The new heart is causing her other organs to fail. The doctors diagnose this as Graft Versus Host Disease and try to suppress the organ failures as much as they can. Over a period of two weeks, Uttley’s consciousness encounters Mami’s spirit. Just as Uttley starts to believe that she may die, she suddenly feels herself revived and changed. She wakes up feeling energetic and healthy. When her policy adviser Constantine comes to visit her with updates about her campaign for human organ donations, Uttley interrupts him to say that she does not want organ donation to be compulsory but rather, voluntary. She also wants to impose stricter measures for pig organ farming. In addition, she wants to “rejuvenate Toronto” (239) by issuing interest-free loans to current city center residents for their small business enterprises. Constantine wonders why Uttley would want to invest in reviving Toronto. Uttley insists that there are resourceful people in the city center who can make this happen.

Chapter 14 Summary

Ti-Jeanne heeds Jenny’s advice and holds a nine-night wake for Mami, inviting everyone who has known her grandmother to pay their respects. During this time, Mi-Jeanne shares with Ti-Jeanne some of her early struggles with motherhood. She explains that she initially resented having Ti-Jeanne because Rudy cast her out for having a child, and she was not ready to take care of a baby. While this is difficult for Ti-Jeanne to hear, she slowly starts to learn more about her mother and heal from her abandonment.


On the last night of the wake, Tony arrives to ask Ti-Jeanne for her forgiveness. While Ti-Jeanne previously felt deep yearning and anger towards him, she feels only pity for him now. She allows him to pay his respects to Mami. When Tony leaves, Ti-Jeanne plays with Baby and considers what to name him.

Chapters 12-14 Analysis

When Ti-Jeanne releases Mi-Jeanne from her duppy form by destroying the duppy bowl, Rudy attempts to make Ti-Jeanne into his next duppy as a perpetuation of the cycle of abuse and incest in the family. Rudy’s decision to slice Ti-Jeanne’s thigh as a way of injecting her with the paralyzing bufo powder has sexual connotations. He reasons perversely, “I coulda give a injection, but I want you to feel me make the cut” (211). Taking pleasure in Ti-Jeanne’s immobilized state, he continues his abuse by gaslighting her with lies about the women in her family as he once did with Mi-Jeanne to poison her against them. The lies prey on Ti-Jeanne’s deepest insecurities about her grandmother and mother as well as her love for Tony. Rudy is skilled in not only physical but psychological abuse through his use of manipulative logic to achieve power over Ti-Jeanne. Ti-Jeanne’s resistance to Rudy’s manipulation breaks the cycle of abuse so that it does not continue into the next generation.


Although Rudy is dead and Ti-Jeanne has broken the cycle of violence, there is still healing that must be done for Ti-Jeanne and her family. In addition to mending the emotional wounds between her and her mother, Ti-Jeanne also comes to terms with Tony’s betrayal. While her love for Tony once felt all-consuming, her experiences have brought her clarity such that when she comes face to face with him at Mami’s wake, she finds that “[h]er heart was free” (245). Letting go of her obsessive love for Tony also means that she breaks from the model of emotional codependency that she has learned from her family’s patterning. While she does not forgive Tony for his transgression, she knows that part of her healing means that she might forgive him over time. In the meantime, she focuses on repairing the bonds within her family.


These concluding chapters also reveal the aftermath of Uttley’s heart transplant, which yields a fusion of the politician’s body and Mami’s moral sensibilities. Once Uttley’s body finds union with Mami’s heart, the politician finds herself transformed in her politics and worldview. While her political initiatives were once self-serving, Mami’s heart helps her foster a more empathetic view towards Toronto’s poorer residents. Uttley’s transformation is a playful interpretation of the saying, “a change of heart” as she experiences a shift in both her physical health and values.

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