African American Literature

Navigate the rich and diverse history of African American literature, from memoirs and poetry to science fiction. The titles in this study guide collection span a wide range of time periods, including the post-slavery era, the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s, the Civil Rights Movement, the Black Arts Movement, and the 21st century. Read on to discover insights and analysis on some of the most important works of African American literature, such as The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B Du Bois, A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry, and Kindred by Octavia E. Butler.

Publication year 2021

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Power & Greed, Coming of Age, The Past

Tags Coming of Age, Historical Fiction, Race & Racism, Trauma & Abuse, US History, Diversity, African American Literature, Gender & Feminism, World History

Publication year 1900

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Grief, Equality, Joy, Religion & Spirituality, Trust & Doubt, Justice, Nation, The Past, Future, Race, Perseverance

Tags Lyric Poem, Inspirational, African American Literature, American Literature, Race & Racism, Religion & Spirituality, Civil Rights & Jim Crow South, US History

Publication year 1946

Genre Short Story, Fiction

Themes Justice, Hate & Anger, Community

Tags African American Literature, Classic Fiction, Civil Rights & Jim Crow South, Race & Racism

“Like A Winding Sheet” is a short story by African American writer Ann Petry, originally published in 1945 and included in the 1946 collection of Best American Short Stories. Like many of Petry’s novels and short stories, “Like A Winding Sheet” examines how racism within American society impacts the personal lives of working-class African American people. In the story, Petry is especially interested in how racism is an inescapable part of life in New York... Read Like a Winding Sheet Summary

Publication year 1985

Genre Novel, Fiction

Tags African American Literature, Race & Racism, Education, Education, US History, Modern Classic Fiction, Classic Fiction

Gloria Naylor published Linden Hills in 1985, three years after the publication of her debut novel, The Women of Brewster Place. While Naylor’s debut novel focuses on women living in an impoverished housing development, Linden Hills examines an affluent black community through the eyes of two young men: Lester, a Linden Hills resident, and Willie, an outsider living on Wayne Avenue.The Linden Hills neighborhood is the “place to be” (260) in Wayne County, with its... Read Linden Hills Summary

Publication year 2003

Genre Novel/Book in Verse, Fiction

Themes Family, Race, Emotions/Behavior: Courage, Perseverance, Grief, Hope, Memory, Childhood & Youth, Animals, Friendship, Mothers, Siblings, Self Discovery, Social Class, Community, Education, Beauty, Literature, Order & Chaos, Religion & Spirituality, Trust & Doubt

Tags Realistic Fiction, African American Literature, Children`s Literature, Arts & Culture

Locomotion, Jacqueline Woodson’s 2003 novel in verse, follows the perspective of Lonnie Collins Motion, nicknamed Locomotion. After his parents die in a fire and his sister is adopted, Lonnie grieves and navigates life, first in a group home and then with Miss Edna, his foster mother. Through poetry, he slowly finds joy in life again, highlighting the themes of The Search for Identity and Belonging, The Healing Power of Writing, and The Enduring Support of... Read Locomotion Summary

Publication year 2003

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Love, Hate & Anger, Social Class, Race, Gender Identity

Tags African American Literature, Grief & Death, American Literature, Modern Classic Fiction, Classic Fiction

Publication year 2016

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Race, Nation, Safety & Danger

Tags Fantasy, Horror & Suspense, Science Fiction, Action & Adventure, Race & Racism, Black Lives Matter, US History, Social Justice, American Literature, African American Literature, World History, Historical Fiction, Religion & Spirituality

Publication year 1989

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Marriage, Love

Tags Romance, African American Literature

“Love Song for Alex, 1979” is a lyric sonnet that Margaret Walker wrote for her husband. The poem is frequently labeled a sonnet because of its 14 lines, though it doesn’t follow the strict rhyme scheme of a traditional sonnet. In the style of lyric poetry, the poem expresses Walker’s warm feelings for her husband. Though it doesn’t reveal a narrative, we can glean some details about the couple’s relationship from the poem.Poet BiographyMargaret Walker... Read Love Song for Alex, 1979 Summary

Publication year 1969

Genre Short Story, Fiction

Themes Coming of Age, Guilt, Hate & Anger, Community, Economics, Beauty

Tags African American Literature, Realistic Fiction, Poverty, Great Depression, Education, Education, World History, Classic Fiction

Publication year 1971

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Hate & Anger

Tags Heinemann African Writers, African Literature, Education, Education, African American Literature, Classic Fiction

In Maru (1971), author Bessie Head, also known for When Rain Clouds Gather (1968) and A Question of Power (1973), confronts deeply held prejudice toward the Masarwa people of Botswana. Considered sub-human by most citizens of Botswana, the Masarwa people pursue an untenable and desperate existence within Botswana society. Living off the land, the Masarwa wander from place to place in the bush, scavenging food and water in a subsistence lifestyle. The name “Masarwa” itself... Read Maru Summary

Publication year 1953

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Marriage

Tags Black Arts Movement, Coming of Age, African American Literature, Race & Racism, Education, Education, American Literature, Classic Fiction

Maud Martha (1953) is a fictional narrative by Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Gwendolyn Brooks. The book is written in an experimental style combining poetic language and a nonlinear narrative. Each chapter is a vignette, a quick glimpse into an everyday scene in the life of the title character. Brooks’s only novel, Maud Martha was praised for its depiction of ordinary people and everyday life in Chicago. This guide is based upon the 1993 Third World Press... Read Maud Martha Summary

Publication year 1959

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Race, Animals, Shame & Pride, Equality, Perseverance

Tags Lyric Poem, Harlem Renaissance, American Literature, African American Literature, Race & Racism, Civil Rights & Jim Crow South, Social Justice, US History

Publication year 2020

Genre Autobiography / Memoir, Nonfiction

Themes Grief, Race, Justice

Tags Crime & Law, Race & Racism, Trauma & Abuse, Grief & Death, African American Literature, American Literature, Mystery & Crime Fiction, Biography

Publication year 2022

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Family, Emotions/Behavior: Courage, Hate & Anger, Race, Art, Justice

Tags Historical Fiction, Race & Racism, African American Literature, Modern Classic Fiction, World History

Publication year 1996

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Family, Coming of Age, Conflict, Forgiveness, Grief, Guilt, Loneliness, Regret, Masculinity, Mental Health, Race, Death, The Past, Siblings, Social Class, Community, Loyalty & Betrayal

Tags Realistic Fiction, African American Literature

Miracle’s Boys (2000) is a young adult novel by Jaqueline Woodson. The novel tells the story of three brothers, ages 21, 15, and 12, coping with the sudden death of their mother a year before. The middle brother, Charlie, recently returned home from a juvenile detention facility, where he was serving a two-year sentence for attempting to rob a candy store at gun point. Set in a Puerto Rican neighborhood in New York City, Miracle’s... Read Miracle's Boys Summary

Publication year 2001

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Conflict, Social Class, Friendship, Family

Tags Realistic Fiction, Poverty, African American Literature, Children`s Literature, Modern Classic Fiction, Urban Development

Money Hungry is a 2001 middle-grade novel by American author Sharon G. Flake published by Little, Brown and Company. A Coretta Scott King Honor book, Money Hungry is the first book in Flake’s Raspberry Hill series. It explores 13-year-old Raspberry Hill’s hunger for money and the lengths to which she will go to acquire it. Stemming from a period of homelessness in her childhood, Raspberry will do almost anything to earn enough money to move... Read Money Hungry Summary

Publication year 1989

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Family, Love, Fate, Hope, Memory, Disability, Mental Health, Appearance & Reality, Self Discovery

Tags Finance, African American Literature

Publication year 1939

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Conflict, Perseverance, Hope, Place, Family, Social Class, Colonialism, Nation, Politics & Government, Equality, Justice, Power & Greed, Religion & Spirituality

Tags Education, Education, African American Literature, Historical Fiction, Fairy Tale & Folklore, Classic Fiction, Religion & Spirituality

Moses, Man of the Mountain is an allegorical novel by African-American author and anthropologist Zora Neale Hurston. The novel reimagines the life of Moses and the biblical narrative of the Exodus from Egypt with several important changes, including the use of African American dialect, slang, and folklore. Throughout the novel, Hurston draws allegorical parallels between the enslavement of the Hebrew people in Egypt and the enslavement of people of African descent in the United States... Read Moses, Man of the Mountain Summary