Indian Literature

This study guide collection celebrates novels, short story collections, and memoirs from some of the most distinguished authors from the Indian sub-continent, including Jhumpa Lahiri, Arundhati Roy, R.K. Narayan, and Nobel Prize winner V.S. Naipaul. Read on to discover discussion topics and insightful analyses on diverse titles, from an updated translation and reinterpretation of the Mahabharata -- the Sanskrit epic of ancient Indian literature -- to a probing look into India’s cultural norms in A Suitable Boy by Vikram Seth.

Publication year 2003

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Race, Immigration, Marriage

Tags Coming of Age, Immigration & Refugeeism, Diversity, Race & Racism, Relationships, Indian Literature, Education, Education, Modern Classic Fiction, Asian Literature

The Namesake is a novel by the distinguished American writer Jhumpa Lahiri, who is known for her traditional narrative style often dealing with sensitive issues of immigrant life and culture clash. First published in 2003, this is her first novel, originally published in The New Yorker in shorter form, and it follows an immigrant Bengali family in America and the way its members adapt to a culture and society very different to their own. The... Read The Namesake Summary

Publication year 2018

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Family

Tags Historical Fiction, Children`s Literature, World History, Indian Literature

The Night Diary, Veera Hiranandani’s 2018 work of historical fiction for middle-grade and young adult readers, consists of 60 diary entries spanning approximately four months. In it, the author chronicles the events of India’s post-World War II independence from Britain and subsequent partition through the voice of a 12-year-old Indian girl, Nisha. The fictional family in the novel is loosely based on the childhood experiences of Hiranandani’s father, whose family, like Nisha’s, made the journey... Read The Night Diary Summary

Publication year 2008

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Fate

Tags Historical Fiction, Indian Literature, Asian Literature, Asian Literature, World History, Fantasy

Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s 2008 novel, The Palace of Illusions, is a retelling of the ancient Hindu epic Mahabharata. Divakaruni is also the author of short story collection Arranged Marriage (1995) and novels Sister of My Heart (1999) and One Amazing Thing (2009). The Palace of Illusions is narrated from the point of view of Panchaali, a princess who is born from fire. Her brother, Dhri, is born this way as well. They inhabit a world... Read The Palace of Illusions Summary

Publication year 1972

Genre Book, Nonfiction

Themes Siblings, Good & Evil, Order & Chaos

Tags Religion & Spirituality, Mythology, Indian Literature

R. K. Narayan’s The Ramayana: A Shortened Modern Prose Version of the Indian Epic (Suggested by the Tamil Version of Kamban) was first published in 1972 by Viking Press. The epic story of Rama’s journey contains the teachings of ancient Hindu sages, and these teachings continue to have a major influence on Indian culture.The story of Rama stems from the tradition of bardic literature that was passed down orally through the generations across different regions... Read The Ramayana Summary

Publication year 400

Genre Play, Fiction

Themes Love, Marriage, Community, Fate, Trust & Doubt

Tags Classic Fiction, Drama, Romance, Indian Literature, Asian Literature, Dramatic Literature

AbhijnanaSakuntala or The Recognition of Sakuntala is a Sanskrit play written by the playwright Kalidasa in the fifth century CE. The play follows the love story between forest-dwelling Sakuntala and the valorous king Dusyanta. When Dusyanta stumbles into a grove while on a hunt for deer, he meets the beautiful Sakuntala. Sakuntala and Dusyanta fall in love, marry in secret, and conceive a child. Called away for court business, Dusyanta promises to send for Sakuntala... Read The Recognition of Sakuntala Summary

Genre Book, Nonfiction

Themes Religion & Spirituality

Tags Religion & Spirituality, Philosophy, Philosophy, World History, Fantasy, Indian Literature, Classic Fiction

The Rig Veda: An Anthology is a selection of 108 hymns from the ancient Sanskrit collection of religious poetry, the earliest substantial literary composition in an Indo-European language. Intended for a general audience, Wendy Doniger O’Flaherty’s popular translation of the Rig Veda, published by Penguin in 1981, anthologizes approximately one tenth of the original Sanskrit text, which numbers over 1,000 poems. Composed between 1400-900 BCE, the hymns of the Rig Veda praise the gods of Bronze... Read Rig Veda Summary

Publication year 1988

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Memory

Tags Asian Literature, World History, Historical Fiction, Indian Literature

The Shadow Lines is a novel by Indian author Amitav Ghosh. Upon its publication in 1988, the book was praised for its ingenious structure and challenging style. Most novels tell a story. The Shadow Lines does not pretend to have a concrete plot. Rather, it is a series of stream-of-consciousness memories delivered to the reader by an unnamed character known as the Narrator. Jumping back and forth between 1939 and the mid-1970s, the Narrator reminisces... Read The Shadow Lines Summary

Publication year 1927

Genre Autobiography / Memoir, Nonfiction

Themes Truth & Lies, Religion & Spirituality, Politics & Government, Colonialism, Perseverance, Emotions/Behavior: Courage, Social Class, Education, Justice

Tags Indian Literature, Philosophy, Religion & Spirituality, Politics & Government, Asian History, World History, Health, Poverty, Military & War, Race & Racism, Relationships, Social Justice

The Story of My Experiments with Truth is the autobiography of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, more widely known as Mahatma Gandhi. A key political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian independence movement, Gandhi penned this work to narrate his quest for truth and the principles that underpinned his life’s journey. Originally published in 1927, this memoir provides a meticulous account of Gandhi’s spiritual, moral, and political evolution. The literary era in which this was... Read The Story of My Experiments with Truth Summary

Publication year 2018

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Colonialism, Social Class, Friendship, Community, Literature, Mothers, Love, Marriage

Tags Realistic Fiction, Indian Literature, Asian History, Gender & Feminism, Relationships, Modern Classic Fiction, World History, Historical Fiction, Romance, Arts & Culture

Publication year 1967

Genre Novel, Fiction

Tags Asian Literature, Indian Literature, Children`s Literature, Asian Literature, Dramatic Literature, Humor, Classic Fiction

In R.K. Narayan’s novel The Vendor of Sweets, the tension between old and young India is the backdrop against which a father and son clash. Jagan, a 55 year old man who is steeped in tradition, is a bundle of contradictions. He is a passionate follower of Gandhi, embracing non-violent cooperation and an ascetic lifestyle. However, he is also boastful when it comes to his own self-control. It is not enough that he has renounced... Read The Vendor of Sweets Summary

Publication year 2008

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Globalization, Power & Greed, Loyalty & Betrayal, Politics & Government, Social Class, Family, Self Discovery

Tags Indian Literature, Mystery & Crime Fiction, Modern Classic Fiction, Asian Literature, Poverty, Social Class, Coming of Age

Aravind Adiga’s The White Tiger was published in 2008. Adiga’s first novel, The White Tiger won the Man Booker Prize and was adapted into a movie in 2021. Born in Chennai, India, Adiga has lived in India and Australia, and attended Columbia University in New York and Oxford University in England. A coming-of-age story told through a first-person narrator and letters addressed to Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao, The White Tiger examines the conflict between tradition... Read The White Tiger Summary

Publication year 2022

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Justice, Perseverance, Femininity, Family, Social Class, Colonialism, Community, Economics, Education

Tags Social Class, Realistic Fiction, Children`s Literature, Social Justice, Modern Classic Fiction, Indian Literature

Publication year 1956

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Revenge

Tags Historical Fiction, Indian Literature, Asian Literature, Asian Literature, World History, Classic Fiction

Train to Pakistan is a 1956 historical novel by Indian novelist Khushwant Singh. Set during the 1947 partition of India that created the nations of Pakistan and India, it focuses on the way partition impacted the people on the ground. Focusing on the lives of ordinary citizens as they were torn from their homes, Train to Pakistan brings a human dimension to one of the bloodiest periods in the history of the two countries. Before the... Read Train to Pakistan Summary

Publication year 2008

Genre Short Story Collection, Fiction

Tags Indian Literature, Asian Literature, Modern Classic Fiction, Asian Literature

Unaccustomed Earth is a 2008 story collection by Pulitzer-Prize-winning author Jhumpa Lahiri. Part 1 contains four stories with distinct characters and plotlines, while Part 2 follows the story of Hema and Kaushik through three different stories. Each story chronicles an important phase or event within the lives of the characters it addresses, and most of the protagonists are Bengali or Bengali-American individuals. Most of the storylines seem take place in the 1980s or 1990s, with... Read Unaccustomed Earth Summary

Publication year 1935

Genre Novel, Fiction

Tags Asian Literature, Indian Literature, Education, Education, Asian Literature, World History, Historical Fiction, Classic Fiction

Untouchable is a novel written by Mulk Raj Anand, a prominent Indian author who also wrote Coolie (1936). Published in 1935, Untouchable charts the path of one day in the life of a young man named Bakha. Bakha is a member of the Untouchables, a designation for people so far below even the lowest caste in Indian society that they are considered outside of the system. His job is to sweep streets and latrines for... Read Untouchable Summary