Mythology

Ancient civilizations, such as the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and Norse people, used mythology to define their cultures, enlighten themselves about the surrounding world, and teach important life lessons within their societies. This study guide collection showcases a variety of mythological texts, from epic poems (Homer’s The Odyssey and Virgil’s Aeneid) to modern interpretations of mythology (Norse Mythology by Neil Gaiman and The Penelopiad by Margaret Atwood), demonstrating our timeless connection to a rich mythological past. To learn more about this genre, please visit our Folklore and Mythology Resource Guide.

Circe

by Madeline Miller

Publication year 2018

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Gender Identity

Tags Mythology, Gender & Feminism, European History, Historical Fiction, World History, Fantasy, Romance

Published in 2018, Circe retells the story of the eponymous Greek mythological figure. The novel is also popular among the online BookTok community. Although traditionally viewed as a heartless, savagely beautiful witch who lures sailors to their deaths, the Circe of Madeline Miller’s imagining is quite different. This Circe is a multidimensional, flawed, and empathetic character struggling to find meaning and worth in her immortal life. Through Miller’s detailed and honest first-person narrative, which takes... Read Circe Summary

Clytemnestra

by Costanza Casati

Publication year 2023

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Mothers, Loyalty & Betrayal, Power & Greed, Religion & Spirituality, Hate & Anger, Revenge, Femininity, Family, Politics & Government, War, Fate, Justice

Tags Mythology, Fantasy, Historical Fiction, Gender & Feminism, World History

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Comus

by John Milton

Publication year 1634

Genre Novel/Book in Verse, Fiction

Themes Good & Evil, Sexual Identity, Gender Identity, Order & Chaos, Religion & Spirituality

Tags Classic Fiction, Narrative Poem, Mythology

Comus is an early work by English 17th-century poet John Milton, in collaboration with composer Henry Lawes. Originally titled A Masque Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634, it was published anonymously in 1637 and under Milton’s name in 1645. Comus was commissioned for the inauguration of the Earl of Bridgewater as Lord President of Wales, and the earl’s three children played leading roles in the performance. The work is an allegory that blends classical mythology with... Read Comus Summary

Cupid and Psyche

by Apuleius

Publication year 170

Genre Short Story, Fiction

Themes Loyalty & Betrayal, Love, Fate

Tags Classic Fiction, Fantasy, Mythology, Romance, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome

Content Warning: The source text and study guide both contain references to suicide.“Cupid and Psyche” is a story from the ancient Roman novel The Metamorphoses (also known as The Golden Ass) by Apuleius, written around 160 CE. The story describes the love between Cupid, the god of love, and Psyche (pronounced SY-kee), a young woman, and the trials they undergo as the result of human and divine meddling.Although the legend of Cupid and Psyche was... Read Cupid and Psyche Summary

Cyclops

by Euripides

Publication year 422

Genre Play, Fiction

Themes Masculinity, Religion & Spirituality, Wins & Losses, Truth & Lies, Place, Revenge

Tags Mythology, Ancient Greece, Classical Period, Comedy & Satire, Dramatic Literature, Arts & Culture, Religion & Spirituality

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Daphnis and Chloe

by Longus

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Love, Marriage, Social Class, Coming of Age

Tags Romance, Classic Fiction, Ancient Greece, Pastoralism, Mythology, Classical Period, World History, Fantasy

IntroductionDaphnis and Chloe is an ancient Greek romance novel and the only known work of the mysterious writer Longus, who lived during the 2nd century C.E., when Greece was part of the Roman Empire. The novel is a pastoral work depicting the idealized life of shepherds and rural communities, while following the love story of the two eponymous protagonists, Daphnis and Chloe. Due to the descriptions of nudity, desire, and sex, critics have traditionally considered... Read Daphnis and Chloe Summary

D'Aulaires Book of Greek Myths

by Edgar Parin d'Aulaire, Ingri d'Aulaire

Publication year 1962

Genre Anthology/Varied Collection, Fiction

Themes Conflict, Emotions/Behavior: Courage, Perseverance, Language, Appearance & Reality, Nature Versus Nurture, Daughters & Sons, Fathers, Marriage, Siblings, Colonialism, Community, Education, Politics & Government, Fate, Good & Evil, Justice, Literature, Order & Chaos, Power & Greed, Religion & Spirituality, Safety & Danger, Truth & Lies

Tags Fantasy, Mythology, Children`s Literature

... Read D'Aulaires Book of Greek Myths Summary

Dragon Pearl

by Yoon Ha Lee

Publication year 2019

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Truth & Lies, Loyalty & Betrayal, Politics & Government, Economics, Coming of Age

Tags Fantasy, Science Fiction, Mythology, Action & Adventure, Coming of Age, Children`s Literature

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Ego Tripping

by Nikki Giovanni

Publication year 1968

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Race, Femininity, Equality

Tags Lyric Poem, African American Literature, Black Arts Movement, Black Lives Matter, Gender & Feminism, Symbolic Narrative, Race & Racism, Mythology

“Ego Tripping,” also known as “Ego Tripping (there may be a reason why),” is one of American poet Nikki Giovanni’s most well-known poems. Giovanni first published this poem in 1972, which is the year that also marks Giovanni’s first trip to Africa, three years after the birth of her son. As the title of the poem suggests, this poem is a fulsome celebration of the many facets of Giovanni’s identity as a Black woman. Written... Read Ego Tripping Summary

Electra

by Sophocles

Publication year 450

Genre Play, Fiction

Themes Death, Fate, Siblings, Revenge, Family, Justice, Grief, Truth & Lies, Perseverance, Appearance & Reality

Tags Tragedy, Mythology, Grief & Death, Ancient Greece, Dramatic Literature, Classical Period, Fantasy, Classic Fiction

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Electra

by Euripides

Genre Play, Fiction

Themes Family, Justice, Revenge, Siblings, Hate & Anger

Tags Tragedy, Mythology, Ancient Greece, Classical Period, Trauma & Abuse, Dramatic Literature, Fantasy, Classic Fiction

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Endymion

by John Keats

Publication year 1818

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Beauty, Conflict, Perseverance, Love, Plants, Place, Appearance & Reality

Tags Narrative Poem, Mythology, Romanticism, British Literature, World History, Fantasy, Romance, Classic Fiction

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Erec and Enide

by Chrétien De Troyes

Publication year 1170

Genre Novel/Book in Verse, Fiction

Themes Love, Loyalty & Betrayal, Marriage

Tags Romance, Medieval, French Literature, Education, Education, Mythology, Fantasy, Classic Fiction

Erec and Enide is a book-length poem written by French poet Chrétien de Troyes around the year 1170. The poem is one of Chrétien’s series of so-called Arthurian romances—a genre of poem in the Middle Ages that told the stories of the individuals associated with King Arthur’s court. His poems are among the earliest to refer to King Arthur and his knights, and Erec and Enide focuses on the adventures of the knight Erec. This... Read Erec and Enide Summary

Galatea

by Madeline Miller

Publication year 2013

Genre Short Story, Fiction

Themes Marriage

Tags Mythology, Fantasy, Historical Fiction, Gender & Feminism, Relationships, Trauma & Abuse, World History

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Grendel

by John Gardner

Publication year 1971

Genre Novel, Fiction

Themes Religion & Spirituality, Beauty, Good & Evil, Art, Order & Chaos, Loneliness, Revenge, Hate & Anger

Tags Fantasy, Mythology, Postmodernism, Education, Education, Classic Fiction

John Gardner’s 1971 novel Grendel is a retelling of the story of Beowulf, an Anglo-Saxon epic poem from the 6th century, from the perspective of the villain, the monster Grendel. In Grendel, the monster Grendel is an anti-hero, challenging the conventions of traditionally heroic behavior as he tries to understand the world in which he lives. In 1982, an animated Australian film adaptation of the novel called Grendel Grendel Grendel was released in major cities... Read Grendel Summary

Gretel in Darkness

by Louise Glück

Publication year 1975

Genre Poem, Fiction

Themes Gender Identity, Mental Health, Guilt, Family

Tags Lyric Poem, Symbolic Narrative, Mental Illness, Gender & Feminism, Arts & Culture, Mythology

Louise Glück is among the most lauded poets in the American canon. Glück’s writing is often surgically precise in terms of formal craft, and reveals a deep emotional complexity. She addresses sadness, mourning, trauma, and individual suffering metaphorically through the natural world, mythology, autobiographical events, or universal truths. She is known for alluding to cultural myths and personas in her work, some of which appear in “Gretel in Darkness” through the perspective of young Gretel... Read Gretel in Darkness Summary