55 pages 1-hour read

Disgrace

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1999

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Chapters 7-12Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 7 Summary

Content Warning: The novel and this guide discuss sexism, sexual assault, stalking, sexual grooming, violence, and racism.


David is forced to resign from his teaching post after the hearing, and soon after, he leaves Cape Town. He goes to visit Lucy, his daughter, who lives on a smallholding—a small farm—in Salem, a small town in the Eastern Cape. Lucy kennels dogs for a living in a building that once housed a commune; she is the last remaining member of the disbanded commune. Lucy also runs a stall at a farmers’ market in the local town, where she sells produce and flowers. Lucy used to live with her partner Helen, whom David never liked. Helen has since left, however, and David stays in her old room.


David is not used to life outside the city. He vacillates between appreciating this more rural way of life and criticizing everything around him. He takes a tour around Lucy’s property and encounters an abandoned bulldog named Katy. He also meets one of Lucy’s Black neighbors, Petrus, who was formerly one of Lucy’s helpers; he now lives next door to her in a stable. Petrus is middle aged and lives with his second wife.


David plans to stay with Lucy for a week. He talks about his problems at work with Lucy, who tells him that he can find refuge with her “on an indefinite basis” (65). However, she criticizes his refusal to compromise with the college, saying that it is not heroic. At night, David can hear the dogs barking.

Chapter 8 Summary

David and Lucy talk while taking a morning walk. David claims he does not know why Melanie left him, citing poetry to excuse his actions. He tells Lucy that each of his sexual partners has taught him something about himself, thus making him “a better person” (70). David asks Lucy if she is happy with her life in the country. Quietly, she says that it will suffice. The following day, David goes with Lucy to the Saturday farmers’ market, where she runs a stall. She knows many of her customers well. One of these customers, Bev Shaw, a small, active woman, works for a veterinary clinic. The clinic and shelter offers charitable help to those who cannot afford it, operating out of a former Animal Welfare League in the nearby municipality of Grahamstown.


On their way home, David and Lucy stop at the house where Bev lives with Bill, her husband. Bill warmly greets David, who is appalled by Bill’s messy appearance. David also dislikes the smell of animals in the house. He feels particularly antisocial, and later, he tells Lucy that he loathes such “animal-welfare people” (73) in the same way that he loathes particularly religious people. He says they make him want to “do some raping and pillaging” or “kick a cat” (73). Lucy takes David’s comment personally, believing that he is criticizing her lifestyle. She knows that he wishes that she would pursue a more intellectual life. She defends her affinity for animals, which is, in her opinion, “the only life there is” (74). Like Bev, Lucy dedicates her life to caring for animals. David reiterates his belief that humans are different (and, implicitly, more important) than animals. He says that people should not be kind to animals purely out of guilt.

Chapter 9 Summary

Later that afternoon, David sits on the sofa while, beside him, Petrus watches a soccer match on television. The commentary is in the Indigenous languages, Sotho and Xhosa, rather than in Afrikaans or English. David finds Lucy in her room, reading a novel by Charles Dickens. He wonders how Lucy sees him, then his mind moves on to her sexual preferences and former partners. He thinks about whether he and Lucy will ever be able to talk about such matters. Lucy tells David that he should help Petrus. She explains that Petrus bought land from her using a Land Affairs grant. The “historical piquancy” amuses David. Petrus plans to build a house on this land in the future. David could also help Bev, Lucy suggests, who always needs help at the clinic. David is not interested in making “reparation for past misdeeds” (77). He agrees to help but insists that he has no interest in becoming a better man.


David wanders outside to the kennel where Katy the abandoned bulldog is asleep. He lays down beside Katy and falls asleep himself, which is where Lucy finds him later. After David wakes, he and Lucy discuss animals. He says that the Catholic Church has declared that animals cannot have souls. Lucy does not know whether she has a soul, she responds. Everyone is a soul before they are born, David tells her. Lucy mentions that part of Bev’s work at the clinic involves euthanizing abandoned animals. David is suddenly gripped by genuine sadness for Katy, and this feeling turns into remorse. He tells Lucy that he is sorry for the mistakes he has made as her father, and he promises to help Bev at the clinic.

Chapter 10 Summary

David goes to the clinic, where he finds Bev in the middle of an appointment. He immediately helps her to restrain a dog while she lances an abscess in its mouth. Bev tells David that the animals will be able to smell whether he is calm, so he must remain calm. When she asks whether he likes animals, David says that he likes to eat animals. The next patient is a goat with an injured scrotum. The wound is severe, and Bev talks quietly to the goat, calming the animal. She will not be able to save the goat, she tells the owner, but she can give the goat a peaceful death. The owner refuses, taking the goat away with her. David comforts Bev, who is upset, by telling her that the goat was born with a knowledge of death because it was born in Africa. The clinic, he realizes, is not a place for healing. It is a “last resort,” with Bev playing the role of priestess more than veterinarian. He confesses to Bev that Lucy sent him to her because he is in a state of “disgrace.” Bev says that she may be able to find a use for him.


That night, David overhears his daughter talking on the phone. He tries to guess whom she might be calling, and he thinks about his daughter’s romantic life. He suspects that she is talking to Helen, and he wonders how two women have sex. He thinks they may perhaps “sleep together merely as children do” (86), more like sisters than lovers. David dislikes that Lucy is a lesbian, and this feeling has grown more pronounced since his own fall from grace. Lucy, to David, was a “second salvation”; through his daughter, he felt his youth reborn. That night, David struggles to sleep. He reflects on youth as he reads from a collection of Lord Byron’s letters, written when the poet was 32.

Chapter 11 Summary

The following Wednesday, David and Lucy take a morning walk together. Lucy asks about Melanie and the charges against him. David says that his case depends “on the rights of desire” (89). Attempting to explain himself, he tells a story about a neighbor and his dog. The dog would become excited by the presence of any female dog, so the neighbor would beat the dog with “Pavlovian regularity.” Eventually, the mere smell of a female dog filled the dog with fear of the seemingly inevitable beating that would follow. The dog, David explains, was made to hate its natural instincts, and he feels it would be preferable to shoot the dog.


David and Lucy notice three people—“two men and a boy” (91)—passing by. Their presence makes David and Lucy feel uneasy. When they head home, they find that the three people are outside the house. The boy asks to use the telephone to call for medical help for his pregnant sister. They claim to be from a nearby village. The taller of the two men enters the house with Lucy, followed by the second man. They lock the door behind them. David fears that “something is wrong” (93). He kicks down the door while the boy is cornered by an angry dog. When David bursts into the house, he is immediately knocked unconscious.


David wakes up in the bathroom. Outside, the dogs are barking. The bathroom door is locked from the outside. David is seized with a sudden fear and wants to help his daughter, fearing for her safety. The shorter of the two men enters the bathroom and takes David’s keys. David watches through the window as the men take Lucy’s possessions from the house and load them into David’s car. They speak a language he cannot understand. Then, they walk to the kennels where Lucy keeps other people’s dogs. They proceed to shoot each dog. Then, the shorter man returns the bathroom. As soon as he unlocks the door, David tries to rush out, but he is knocked back. The men douse him in methylated spirits and set him on fire. David calls out for Lucy and tries to put out the fire with water as the men lock him in again. Then, he hears his car leaving. Soon, Lucy opens the bathroom door. David notices that Lucy seems to have bathed recently, and she is stoic. He takes this to mean that the men raped her. They walk together through the ruined house, and Lucy rejects David’s attempts to comfort her. She asks him not to mention what happened to anyone, which David believes is a mistake.

Chapter 12 Summary

Ettinger is one of Lucy’s neighbors. He a surly old German man who carries a gun everywhere because, he claims, “the police are not going to save you” (100). He drives Lucy and David to the local hospital. Lucy seems filled with strength and purposefulness, while David cannot stop trembling. After waiting in the casualty room, David is seen by a doctor who inspects his burn wounds and assures him that his eye is not damaged. Bev’s husband, Bill Shaw, comes to the hospital to pick up David and Lucy and takes them to the Shaws’ house. David is surprised when Bill refers to him as a friend. Bev draws a bath for David, and Bill helps him out of the tub since David is in pain. In the middle of the night, David has a nightmare about Lucy calling out for help. He wakes in a fright and finds her. He tries to speak to her, but she dismisses him as though he were “a child or an old man” (104). David cannot go back to sleep. He watches Lucy in her bed, standing over her until he is sure that she is asleep.


The next day, David asks Bev about Lucy, but Bev will not discuss the matter with him. She does not believe that Lucy’s condition is any business of a man like David. After this, David debates with himself whether raping a lesbian is worse than raping a virgin. Later, he notices that Lucy is crying in her bed. She assures David that she has seen a doctor. She says she plans to return to her property and continue just as before. David insists that this is not a good idea; he does not believe that her home is safe. The home was never safe, Lucy says, but she is returning for her own reasons. David realizes that he has no influence or control over his “little girl.”

Chapters 7-12 Analysis

This section of the novel highlights the theme of Navigating Change as David comes face to face with the changes in his own life as well as the changes in South Africa. After David is forced to resign from his job, he makes the dramatic decision to leave Cape Town. His departure is symbolic, highlighting that no one particularly notices or cares about his leaving since he has made no meaningful human connections in Cape Town. Like many things in David’s life, his big gesture of self-imposed exile has an audience of one: himself. However, though David feels like an alienated outsider in Cape Town, he feels even more estranged in Lucy’s home. He is unfamiliar with the surroundings and the people, and he struggles to come to terms with the changes of post-apartheid South Africa.


Petrus’s farm, which is right beside Lucy’s property, is emblematic of how South Africa is changing. Previously, Lucy was the sole owner of the property, but now, with the help of government grants, Lucy and Petrus are shared owners. In this post-apartheid society, Lucy and Petrus are on equal footing. Petrus is rapidly expanding his house and capitalizing on his ambitious plans, and this makes David uncomfortable because he has internalized the racial dynamics of the old world. When Petrus watches a soccer game in Lucy’s house, comfortably sprawled on the couch, David notices that the game is commentated in Indigenous languages that David does not understand. Because of Petrus’s comfort in this space, David feels even more like an outsider. His self-imposed exile from Cape Town has only served to remind him of how little he recognizes his own homeland.


David’s interactions with Lucy and Bev lay the foundation for him to slowly begin Building Empathy. David is a misogynist who still conceives of himself as adhering to some masculine ideal. He is self-confessed “womanizer” whose relationships with women are largely transactional. David is vain and pretentious, but Lucy and Bev are practical and tough. They have made lives for themselves by living off the land, while David lives a cozy life surrounded by books; while he only reads about human experiences rather than engaging with life, Bev and Lucy throw themselves into complex life experiences with courage. When David arrives in town, he misses his comforts and resents the hardness of their lives. With his closed misogynist mindset, he criticizes their femininity; he doesn’t approve that Lucy is a lesbian, and he cannot understand why Bev makes no effort to make herself more attractive. Their attitudes repudiate David’s transactional misogyny since they are not dedicating themselves to being sexually appealing to men like him. Yet, he slowly realizes that they work hard and do good, important work, and he is moved by Bev’s dedication to the animals she works with. David struggles to resolve this tension and to modernize his thinking, though he doesn’t fully succeed.


The brutality of the attack on Lucy and David is largely obscured since the narration follows David, who is unconscious and locked in the bathroom through much of the violence and when Lucy is presumably being raped. He is unable to intervene or help his daughter. He is reduced to a state of helplessness, which imbues him with guilt and shame regarding the attack. Furthermore, since he wasn’t present during the attack, he lacks authority when he tries to talk to Lucy about what she should do. Lucy points out to him on numerous occasions that he did not see what happened, and she also refuses to talk to him about what exactly happened. David must piece together reality from deductions and assumptions, meaning that he can never be completely sure about the truth. When he sees that Lucy has bathed, for example, he presumes that she is trying to wash herself after being raped. This recalls how he previously fantasized about Melanie bathing after he forced himself on her, paralleling both instances of sexual assault and presenting David as a perpetrator of violence. Notably, the narration does not use the word “rape” until David confronts Lucy about his frustrations. Instead, it uses indirect references to hint that Lucy might have been raped. Readers’ understanding of the events mirrors David’s confusion.

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