74 pages • 2-hour read
Charles DickensA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: The section of the guide references emotional and physical abuse, gender discrimination, illness and death, including death of a child.
Solomon’s shop of nautical instruments, located in the City of London, is named the Wooden Midshipman for the statue that stands outside of it. In Dickens’s time, midshipman referred to the rank of a sailor who had some experience at sea and was working his way into the ranks of officers. The statue is an advertisement for Solomon’s shop and shows a young sailor looking through a quadrant, a nautical instrument that helped determine a ship’s position at sea. Dickens uses the statue of the midshipman to establish an emotional tone or perspective, as in the passage where the narrator describes the statue as unaffected by the lives of the people around him: “With his quadrant at his round black knob of an eye, and his figure in its old attitude of indomitable alacrity, the midshipman displayed his elfin small-clothes to the best advantage, and, absorbed in scientific pursuits, had no sympathy with worldly concerns” (248). As the story progresses, the Wooden Midshipman remains a symbol of affectionate ties and patient loyalty that endures tests and travails.
The Wooden Midshipman becomes a synecdoche for Solomon’s shop and its living quarters at large—a domestic space that, with its occupants and their lives, provides a contrast to the Dombey’s house. Where the Wooden Midshipman is a warm, inviting space of nurturance and affection, the Dombey house is cold and uninviting. By the end of the novel, the Wooden Midshipman becomes a symbol of refuge for the various shipwrecked characters who find shelter in or because of it. Walter returns safely after adventures abroad; Florence finds comfort there after she flees her father’s house; Captain Cuttle has a place to live after he sneaks away from Mrs. MacStinger’s residence in Brig Place; and Solomon is happily reconciled with his family and friends when he, too, returns from his travels.
Madeira refers to a several varieties of wine made on the Portuguese island of Madeira. The wine was popular in England from the 15th century and was widely available in the 18th century, due to Madeira’s function as a stop during overseas trade routes. The wines range from dry to sweet and could age well if stored properly. Solomon keeps bottles of Madeira wine in his cellar for celebrations and special occasions. He breaks open the second to last bottle to celebrate Walter’s taking a position as a clerk in the firm of Dombey of Son, and he decides he will open the last bottle to celebrate when Walter is established in his career and has a secure place in the world. The bottle thus becomes a symbol of Solomon’s hopes for his nephew, an echo of Dombey’s ambitions for young Paul.
When Walter is thought lost at sea, the bottle languishes in the cellar, signifying the loss of Solomon’s hopes and the grief felt by all those who cared about Walter, including Florence and Captain Cuttle. Though the Captain suggests celebrating upon Walter’s return, Solomon waits, indicating that he is not yet sure of Walter’s secure place in the world. The bottle of Madeira surfaces to celebrate the united family unit when Walter returns from his trip to China with Florence and a new baby. The opening of the bottle symbolizes the realized hopes of many of the assembled company: Walter’s hopes of winning Florence; the Captain’s wish to see Walter and Florence together; Solomon’s wish to see his nephew established in the world; and Florence’s wish to at last be reconciled with her father, who is there to celebrate with them.
Dombey’s residence, which provides the setting for much of the domestic action throughout the novel, also becomes a metaphor for Florence’s state of mind and feelings of separation from her father. While it was customary in the abodes of upper and upper-middle class Victorian families for the children and the nurses who tended to them to reside on the top floors of the house, the distance between the Florence’s room and the main house symbolizes the emotional distance of her father. As Paul grows up, Dombey often takes Paul into his study with him, a physical closeness never afforded to Florence. After Paul’s death, Dickens uses metaphorical language to describe the house as decaying under a magical spell, symbolizing Florence’s sense of separation and mourning as if she were a fairy tale princess locked away in a tower: “No magic dwelling-place in magic story, shut up in the heart of a thick wood, was ever more solitary and deserted to the fancy, than was her father’s mansion in its grim reality, as it stood lowering on the street” (304). Despite the grandness of their home, Florence’s experiences of neglect and cruelty from her father render it a desolate and loveless place.
The refurbishment the house undergoes before Dombey’s marriage, which is done to please Mrs. Skewton more than Edith, symbolizes Florence’s hopes for a new home with two loving parents. When these hopes are dashed, the beautiful house is even more a prison for Florence, marked by her increasing loneliness. The stripping and sale of the furnishings when Dombey goes bankrupt symbolizes all that he has lost. As he looks around his barren parlor, he remembers the neglect and harshness with which he treated Florence. When the house is later sold and Dombey moves in with Florence, it symbolizes a new beginning, as he leaves his old life and his former character behind.



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