East, West

Salman Rushdie

49 pages 1-hour read

Salman Rushdie

East, West

Fiction | Short Story Collection | Adult | Published in 1994

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Part 2Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes depictions of graphic violence, mental illness, child abuse, sexual content, and death.

Part 2: “West”

Part 2, Story 4 Summary: “Yorick”

The narrator remarks on the existence of vellum, which can be used to write stories. He has his own story to tell about the ancient tale of Yorick, which was also recorded on vellum. Yorick has been canonized in Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, but the narrator has uncovered an alternate version.


According to this new version, when Hamlet’s father was still king of Denmark, his jester, Yorick, married Ophelia. The narrator’s audience interrupts him to ask questions about his version of the story in light of Shakespeare’s play. The narrator answers the questions, insisting Hamlet’s father was named Horwendillus Rex and that Yorick indeed married Ophelia with whom he had a child. He then demands his audience remain silent.


Many wondered how Yorick could have married a beauty like Ophelia, but the narrator recently discovered it was due to her heinous breath. Yorick looked foolish himself, wearing silver nose plugs and a wooden peg on his nose.


One morning, Yorick was awakened early by seven-year-old Hamlet storming into his room and jumping onto his bed. Hamlet insisted that Yorick perform for him. A tired Yorick finally gave into Hamlet’s pleas, offering a song and riddle about a cat and prince.


The narrator reveals that the prince hated Ophelia, and speculates as to why. He guesses he was jealous of Yorick’s attention. Hamlet was “a lonely child” (71) and must have seen the jester as a mother figure. The narrator continues remarking upon the story he found recorded on vellum and the veracity of each facet.


Later that night, Horwendillus and his wife Queen Gertrude were hosting a banquet, while Hamlet lay awake in bed. He could not sleep without a goodnight kiss from his mother. He crawled out of bed to find Gertrude but stopped when he heard Gertrude and a drunk man talking intensely in the hall. Hamlet realized in horror that the man was his father. Convinced his father was trying to kill his mother, Hamlet burst out of his room, demanding they stop. Hamlet thought he’d saved the day, but Horwendillus beat him for interrupting.


Back in bed, Hamlet replayed what he saw in the hall, desperate to put some end to what he believed was his father’s violence. His rage toward Horwendillus quickly merges with his hatred for Ophelia. He concocted a poison and decided to involve Yorick in his revenge plan.


Hamlet told Yorick that Horwendillus and Ophelia were having an affair. Furious and heartbroken, Yorick poisoned Horwendillus. He then accused Ophelia of betraying him and she became mentally unwell, wandering the palace in a state of confusion.


The narrator explains that years after Yorick’s death, he returned as a ghost to haunt the palace. Gertrude was still mourning Horwendillus, and ended up marrying an actual murderer, Claudius. Yorick’s jealousy, hatred, and heartbreak passed on to Hamlet, who ended up plotting against King Claudius. He also mistreated his betrothed, Ophelia, mistaking her for Yorick’s Ophelia. Yorick’s child was the only survivor, who ultimately left Denmark and traveled the world.


The narrator declares the story dubious and leaves it up to the reader to draw their own conclusions.

Part 2, Story 5 Summary: “At the Auction of the Ruby Slippers”

A group of people attends an auction where the ruby slippers from The Wizard of Oz are being sold. The group narrates from the first-person plural point of view. Many other attendees arrive in costumes from the movie. The group gets upset when they notice a few Totos copulating amid the auctioneers, believing it offensive; they have strict social and ethical standards. They are incensed too when they notice some onlookers actually drooling over the ruby slippers, tainting the shrine.


The group also notices the many defamed public figures at the auction. They list all of the different politicians and artists and describe what they’re wearing. Although they look beautiful, they “fail to eclipse the ruby slippers” (92). The group loves the slippers because they are symbolic and godlike. The group knows the slippers’ power is limited but still hopes they might help them find a sense of home. They wonder if this hope is too great.


Studying the other items at the auction, the group muses on the overlap between fiction and reality. Then a single first-person narrator emerges from the group and describes their recent experience of fiction coming to life.


The narrator was dating a woman named Gale, who he is still in love with. He was devastated to return home one day and discover her sleeping with an actor from a caveman movie. They broke up. Ever since, the narrator’s remembered and imagined versions of Gale have distorted the real Gale. Recently, he saw her from afar at a bar. While she watched a sci-fi movie about an astronaut on the television, the narrator watched her, while recalling famous songs about space and from The Wizard of Oz. Gale cried over the movie, but the narrator didn’t approach her.


The narrator now wants to procure the ruby slippers and give them to Gale. He knows his plan is improbable but won’t give up.


The auction begins. The price of the slippers rises and rises. The narrator bids, thinking of Gale throughout. The longer the bidding goes on, the more detached from reality the narrator feels. Suddenly lifted by his own fiction, the narrator lets go of Gale and the slippers, stops bidding, and leaves. In the morning, he feels much better. He hears about another auction the next week but doesn’t attend; however, anyone who wants to buy an identity is welcome.

Part 2, Story 6 Summary: “Christopher Columbus and Queen Isabella of Spain Consummate Their Relationship (Santa Fé, AD 1492)”

Christopher Columbus arrives in Spain where he tries to win Queen Isabella’s favor and help. When she asks what he wants, Columbus simply says consummation. The Queen is shocked, unsure if she should attribute Columbus’s brashness to his unfamiliarity with Spanish customs or his brutish personality.


Word spreads throughout the court that Columbus is unstable. He regrets what he said to the Queen but still needs her help securing ships for his overseas voyage. In all of Columbus’s interactions with the Queen, he tries to please her but finds that she often toys with him.


Time passes and Columbus waits for the Queen to make her decision. His desire to please her and to be with her dwindles, as hers grows. She enjoys teasing him and making him wait. Columbus meanwhile muses on the similarities between his quest for money and the search for love.


Finally, one night, Columbus has a dream about Isabella. She has a giant bowl which she looks into to see the future. The bowl shows her that the entire discovered world is hers, but she remains unsatisfied because she wants to possess the unknown world, too. Realizing what she needs, she races to find Columbus and give him his ships.


The next day, the Queen’s men find Columbus. He is just about to give up on Isabella altogether. However, the men inform Columbus that the Queen had a dream last night and now wants to work with him. She promises to fund his trip across the world. Columbus wants to refuse her offer, but he hears himself accept.

Part 2 Analysis

The three short stories collected in Part 2, “West,” are all set in European settings and toy with popular Western tales to explore the Search for Home and Belonging. Whereas the stories in Part 1, “East,” are more provincial tales of hardship set in South Asia, “Yorick,” “At the Auction of the Ruby Slippers,” and “Christopher Columbus and Queen Isabella of Spain Consummate Their Relationship” are stories which centralize adventure, discovery, and the pursuit of satisfaction beyond the insular confines of the quotidian. Rushdie uses allusions to William Shakespeare, The Wizard of Oz, and Christopher Columbus to capture the fantastical promises of life in the West. He is toying with Western cultural figures and fairy tales to explore how Western culture historically holds the impossible promise of utopia. However, in all three short stories, these promises of everlasting life and ultimate happiness fall flat.


In the short story “Yorick,” a young Hamlet from Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet seeks a sense of belonging in his fraught relationship with his father’s jester, Yorick. In this retelling of the Shakespearean classic, Hamlet is “a lonely child, who saw in Yorick a father as well as a servant” and a mother (71). Hamlet has almost no interaction with his father, King Horwendillus, or his mother, Queen Gertrude, throughout the fable. His idyllic royal existence is devoid of typical human and familial comfort. For example, he must go to Yorick (instead of his parents) for daily entertainment and struggles to sleep without his mother’s goodnight kiss. These dynamics convey his desperate longing for love and care. When Hamlet goes to find his mother on the night of the banquet, he overhears his parents’ lovemaking as his father’s violence against his mother: “It is a porky-snuffling Horwendillo beneath whom Queen Gertrude sobs and flails, —and then falls quiet, while her breath sounds harsh in Hamlet’s ears, as if her throat were stopped” (75). Love resembles violence to the youthful Hamlet, thus shattering his idyllic notions of parental care and connection. 


He becomes even more convinced that his father is dangerous when he beats him for what he believes is his own heroic act: saving his mother’s life. Relations quickly become distorted in the Danish palace thereafter, leading to a series of grotesque and hyperbolic incidents wherein everyone but Yorick’s son dies. This reinvention of Shakespeare’s play seeks to explain the convoluted, murderous plot points of the original tragedy, while highlighting the darker side behind the famous bard’s characters and their motives. The narrator—who alleges he found this version of the story written on an ancient piece of parchment—deems the tale “such a COCK-AND-BULL story” (83). He casts doubt on the story, because he is casting doubt on the European myths of happiness and belonging.


The stories “At the Auction of the Ruby Slippers” and “Christopher Columbus and Queen Isabella of Spain Consummate Their Relationship” similarly interrogate the meaning of home as it relates to the known and unknown worlds. In “At the Auction of the Ruby Slippers,” the narrator is determined to buy the ruby slippers from The Wizard of Oz movie to give them to his ex-girlfriend and “soulmate,” Gale. The slippers themselves symbolize home; in The Wizard of Oz, Dorothy is supposed to click the slippers’ heels and say “There’s no place like home” to transport herself back to her own home in Kansas. In Rushdie’s story, the wandering, estranged, and searching narrator hopes that procuring the “pair of magic shoes” might “take us home” (93) both to the physical place he belongs and to the metaphoric home he felt in his relationship with Gale. Finding home and belonging means seeking out the impossible. 


In “Christopher Columbus and Queen Isabella Consummate Their Relationship,” the Christopher Columbus and Queen Isabella characters are seeking similar forms of fulfillment. Columbus is determined to win Isabella’s favor so he can secure his three ships and brave the unknown Atlantic Ocean in search of the new world. Initially, Queen Isabella is reluctant to help Columbus, but soon discovers that Columbus’s prospective overseas adventures are the key to her own satisfaction. Her dream reveals “that she will never, never, NEVER! be satisfied by the possession of the Known. Only the Unknown, perhaps even the Unknowable, can satisfy her” (116). Home and belonging, fulfillment and contentment are always just out of reach for the characters in these two short stories. They have bought into the myths of the West, and been culturally conditioned to always want more.


In these ways, the short stories collected in “West” also further the collection’s theme of The Illusions Provided by False Stories and Promises. In “Yorick,” the narrator seeks some new truth behind the Hamlet characters’ motives and fates through a newly discovered iteration of the Shakespearean tragedy; this tale however proves dubious and its events a flimsy explanation for the famous play. 


In “At the Auction of the Ruby Slippers,” the narrator discovers that his attempts to buy the ruby slippers and win back his ex-lover Gale are futile. The Gale he wants is more a figment of his imagination and fabrication of half memories than a real person. Bidding on the slippers is similarly an act of imaginative work; the higher and higher their cost goes, the more his “goal crosses a delirious frontier. Its achievement and our own survival become—yes!—fictions” (102). The narrator ultimately abandons his design, because he recognizes that it is unachievable; his longing has become so great that it has divorced him from reality. 


In the final story, “Christopher Columbus and Queen Isabella of Spain Consummate Their Relationship,” the characters also end up in a surreality where they are driven by the pursuit of the impossible. Dreams dictate their actions and behaviors, proving the power of myth and superstition to drive human behavior and to endlessly propel one’s pursuit of supposed truth and meaning.

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