23 pages 46-minute read

Emergency

Fiction | Short Story | Adult | Published in 1991

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Literary Devices

Humor & Irony

Critically acknowledged for deftly weaving together humor and despair in his stories, Johnson’s execution of this combination in “Emergency” creates layers of complexity, humanizing his characters and drawing the reader into the setting and situation. Johnson establishes his dark humor from the outset, painting Georgie as a ridiculous figure who weeps as he mops up fake blood and then “drop[s] his mop and ben[ds] over in the posture of a child soiling its diapers” (58). Through this narration, Fuckhead is remembering and portraying a harsh world, but his creation of such humorous similes mitigates the bleakness.


When Terrence Weber enters the hospital with a knife in his eye, his phlegmatic attitude illuminates the characters around him and emphasizes the complacency of the unnamed community. When the nurse tells Terrence he should lie down, he replies, “Okay, I’m certainly ready for something like that” (59), and when she asks if he’d like to call the police, he tells her, “Not unless I die” (60). The other characters seem mildly bemused by the extreme situation, and here Johnson uses humor to craft their reactions, highlighting their inadequacies and disdain for each other. The doctor reacts with pompous ego, demanding “A good eye man. A great eye man. The best eye man” (61), before acknowledging that he knows his limits, and Georgie, seemingly oblivious, hums a Neil Young song while he “preps” the patient.


Georgie provides comic relief throughout the story, even as he forces Fuckhead to confront his own inadequacies. Georgie jumps headfirst into everything, carving up the dead mother rabbit in an effort to save her fetuses, yelling egomaniacally, “I should have been a doctor” (64), and telling Hardee that he “save[s] lives” (72). An undercurrent of earnestness runs through Georgie. The intermingling of the absurdity of his behavior with elements of truth shakes Fuckhead somewhat out of his complacency and forces him to consider how he and Georgie differ from each other.

Natural Imagery

Natural imagery throughout “Emergency” emphasizes Fuckhead’s desire for a meaningful experience in his life. Fuckhead is attuned to the natural world; after he and Georgie leave the hospital, he says they laid down in the truck bed “with the daylight knocking against our eyelids and the fragrance of alfalfa thickening on our tongues” (63). Fuckhead offers a multi-sensory image of summer that also suggests the bodily experience of being high, with the sun aggressively “knocking” in their heads, and their tongues growing thick.


Fuckhead often notices the sun. In one scene, he perceives a powerlessness in the sun and likens it to an “ornament” or a “sponge” as he and Georgie drive—an unusual metaphor that demonstrates his disconnection and feeling of being lost. Later, as the snowstorm descends upon the drive-in theater, Fuckhead’s hallucinatory vision of the sky being “torn away and the angels […] descending out of a brilliant blue summer” (66-67) emphasizes his desire for a sublime or meaningful experience. He gets a version of this in the sober morning light, when he sees


bits of snow resembling an abundance of blossoms on the stems of the drive-in speakers—no, revealing the blossoms that were always there. A bull elk stood still in the pasture beyond the fence […] and a coyote jogged across the pasture and faded away among the saplings (69).


The experience Fuckhead claims is most important for him to remember is that of the natural world, something that he notes “was always there” (69), and in this experience, he gains a semblance of peace. 

Unreliable Narration

Fuckhead, down-and-out and addicted to drugs, narrates “Emergency.” From the beginning of the story, the reader understands that Fuckhead is on drugs. He is increasingly unreliable in his perception and presentation of time. The surreal quality of the story’s events—like the trip to the county fair and the experience with the rabbit fetuses—suggests that Fuckhead might not be relating those events correctly or clearly. Johnson structures the dialogue and the story to create room for doubt: Did the characters even go to the county fair? Georgie claims he didn’t see any rides, but, as he is also high, his report is suspect as well. Rather than alienating the reader from the narrator, Fuckhead’s confusing perceptions merit empathy—Fuckhead is not deceitful; he is making his best effort to relay the truth of the situation, and some elements, like time, matter less than others.


The unreliable narration is part of Fuckhead’s characterization, mirroring his drug experience and evincing the character’s priorities. In the final movements of the story, Fuckhead acknowledges that he may not be relating the story accurately:


Or maybe that wasn’t the time it snowed. Maybe it was the time we slept in the truck and I rolled over on the bunnies and flattened them. It doesn’t matter […] The bunnies weren’t a problem yet, or they’d already been a problem and were already forgotten, and there was nothing on my mind (69).


Fuckhead realizes that these elements of the story are unimportant compared with his experience of the morning’s beauty and his new understanding of the world, in which he notices snow that looks like blossoms “that were always there” (69), a bull elk, and a coyote.

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