57 pages • 1-hour read
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In 2025, following the release of Empire of AI, Chinese company DeepSeek released two highly competitive and more efficient LLM models while OpenAI’s GPT-5 received criticism for its poor quality. How do these events relate to Hao’s critique of OpenAI’s model of AI development?
To what extent is it possible to develop an ethical AI model? Are there ethical issues inherent in the technology? How is this similar to ethical concerns around the development of other technologies, like nuclear energy or the internet?
Hao details the drive to create economies of scale, hold monopoly power, and follow race to the bottom dynamics around labor rights and environmental protections within Silicon Valley AI firms. What regulations or changes could meaningfully change these tendencies within the AI sector? Are there any that Hao does not explore in Empire of AI?
Analyze the role of secular religious beliefs about apocalypse and utopia in the Silicon Valley culture and economy, particularly as it relates to figures like Elon Musk, Dario Amodei, and Sam Bankman-Fried. To what extent do these patterns of belief occur in the development of any radically new technology?
How do companies like OpenAI use their power and influence to shape the regulation of their field? What can be done to counter or “redistribute” this power and influence?
Compare and contrast OpenAI cofounders Ilya Sutskever and Greg Brockman. How are their leadership styles and belief systems similar? How are they different? What impact have they had on OpenAI’s products and corporate culture?
Do you believe that OpenAI will continue to dominate the paradigm for AI development globally? How might it build on its concentrated power moving forward? How might the flaws outlined by Hao hamper its continued dominance in the field?



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