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Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of mental illness, child abuse, child sexual abuse, graphic violence, cursing, emotional abuse, and death.
Regina and her siblings are moved around several times over the next three years. First, they are all sent back to live with Cookie in a large, well-kept house with a man named Karl. Regina already knows it is unlikely to last, but she and her siblings enjoy the months there regardless. Even Cookie is nicer, and Karl has a positive influence on her. Regina and her siblings spend all their time together, making up for their year apart. When Cookie decides she wants a family portrait, Regina refuses to smile for the picture, knowing that this seemingly perfect moment is unlikely to last. Her instincts turn out to be correct, as eventually Cookie starts missing payments and is evicted. Regina wins the attention of her teacher at school after writing a poem beyond the skill of a typical fourth grader, and is told she is special—something she rarely hears.
When winter arrives, Cookie leaves the children in a desolate neighborhood in a house with no power and a broken floor. Regina and her sisters prioritize their younger siblings, trying to keep them warm, fed, and entertained despite everything. When Cherie gets pneumonia, they have no choice but to call the hospital, and social services comes back again. They separate the children, and Camille and Regina are taken to a new foster home. The family there are kind and stable, and the girls hope to be able to stay, but Cookie eventually wins back custody. She settles into a new house with Karl and the children, and Regina starts fifth grade, where her teacher once again recognizes her talent and love of learning. When Cookie is evicted again, Regina and her siblings have to pack up and leave once more.
When Regina is in sixth grade, temperatures soar, and Cookie moves the family again. She and the kids arrive unannounced at the home of her parents, whom her kids have never met. Her father immediately tells her to leave, and her mother is equally unwelcoming. They let the family stay long enough to use the bathroom, and Regina can tell that Cookie’s father is an aggressive man. After leaving, Cookie drives around town telling everyone that her parents refuse to look after their grandchildren, and receiving various charity in response. For the next few months, they live in the car and eat scraps given to them by various local food suppliers. Cookie finds work at a deli, but holding a job makes her even more angry and stressed, and she takes it out on the children physically and emotionally. At one point, she throws hot grease on Regina and pushes Camille down the stairs, causing her to need a neck brace.
Regina starts working at the deli to earn money for herself and her siblings (which Cookie often takes if she can). At one point, a man walks into the deli, looks at Regina, and leaves. Cookie tells her that the man was her father, Paul Accerbi, and Regina remembers hearing his name when Cookie would beat her and tell her that Paul was the most hurtful man, thus Regina would supposedly hurt her, too. When Cookie is arrested for drunk driving and her record revealed, the landlord (who is also her boss) tells her to leave, and the children find themselves sleeping in the car again. Eventually, Cookie meets a farmer named Garcia who lets the kids sleep in a trailer on his property, but the arrangement soon ends, and the family moves into a shelter, and later into a duplex. There, Cookie comes home to find Regina’s friends visiting and flies into a rage, tying Regina up in the closet and leaving her there through the night. To cope with the panic of the experience, Regina thinks back to her days on the beach with her siblings. In the middle of Regina’s eighth-grade year, the family moves yet again.
The memoir returns to Regina at age 14, living in foster care and debating whether to sign the affidavit for emancipation. After reflecting on her experiences during her childhood, she decides she is ready to sign. When Camille announces her plan to leave the foster home and start her own life, Regina asks her not to go, but Camille insists that she already raised herself and is done following someone else’s rules. She plans to stay through the winter and leave in spring. In the meantime, both Regina and Camille find various ways to earn money, like cleaning up lawns and working in small shops, so that they can better prepare for independence.
When Christmas arrives, they use some of their earnings to buy presents for Norman and Rosie, but they never get a chance to see them. Instead, Cookie kidnaps the two youngest children after they tell her that their foster mother hits them. Despite Camille’s protests, the state allows Cookie to keep her two youngest children. The social worker assures her that Regina’s case will be enough to end custody, but Regina and Camille think Cookie might disappear with the kids before then.
When Cookie is arrested again and then bailed out by Cherie, Regina and Camille attempt to make amends with Cookie so they can look out for Norman and Rosie. Cookie fully rejects them, seeing through their facade. When she fails to show up for the emancipation hearing, Regina wins by default but is told that her younger siblings will still be staying with Cookie. She and her sisters can’t be happy knowing their younger siblings are still in danger, but Regina makes the decision to stay with her current foster family permanently. Cookie takes the kids to Idaho, where they live on a farm with a man named Clyde. When Regina calls them, she finds out that they are in fact being abused, and Cookie even accuses Rosie of making “advances” toward Clyde. Regina calls her social worker multiple times, but since they are in another state, there is nothing the social worker can do.
From 10th to 12th grade, Regina watches her father’s name in the phonebook, waiting until she turns 18 to contact him. Her teachers rally to support her in graduating and going to university, and she makes friends, begins dating, and gets a job at a home store. When Regina notices that her father is no longer listed in the phone book, she writes a letter to his listed relatives, enclosing a letter for him and asking them to pass it along. The letter details her successes in recent years, living with a foster family who truly cares about her, and being away from Cookie. It also mentions her hope to have a relationship with her father. Addie reacts with hurt when she finds out, questioning why Regina would seek out her father when she is already surrounded by love and support. When Regina’s father finally calls, it is only to tell Regina that she is lying and has “upset” his family. He rejects being her father and claims to hardly have known her mother, and Regina realizes she should never have hoped for more from him. When Regina graduates high school, Cookie surprisingly calls to congratulate her, and Regina uses the chance to ask if she can come to Idaho to visit. She hopes to see her siblings and make sure they’re okay. Cookie agrees to have her.
Rosie is 12 now and growing up, and Norman is 15. Regina leaves knowing she is leaving Rosie in a difficult situation, but she feels hopeful when she is accepted into university. She tries to take care of Rosie from afar by sending her letters and money, but finds it overwhelming, and Cherie eventually steps in to help.
Calcaterra portrays a period of fleeting stability and continued struggle by blending setting, imagery, and emotional detail to illustrate both Resilience Through Family Bonds and the fragility of her circumstances. The setting during this time shifts to one of suspicious perfection: a big house, a pool, and new toys create an illusion of abundance and safety. Even Cookie, released from the stress of extreme poverty, seems kinder and less volatile. Still, Regina instinctively knows that this reprieve cannot last. Cookie soon falls behind on rent, and the family is evicted. This instability reinforces the impermanence that defines Regina’s life, mirrored by the chapter’s title, “Houses of Sand,” reflecting the constant movement and lack of a permanent home for Regina and her siblings.
Character development during these chapters exemplifies Regina’s resilience and growth in her adolescence. After being encouraged by her teachers, she begins to see herself as capable of escaping her environment through learning and persistence. Her desire to escape motivates her, illustrating the theme of Finding Purpose in Suffering. At the same time, she continues to grapple with guilt and trauma, particularly regarding her siblings’ suffering: “I want to tell Rosie that the brutality she’s enduring is torturing me, too” (175). Regina sees her father for the first time, only to be met with silence and rejection, which she must ultimately accept. She makes the conscious choice to forgive her grandmother for not being there during her childhood, recognizing that past mistakes do not have to preclude a supportive relationship in the future: “I realize that in this moment […] I have a choice: I can distance myself and remain cynical toward her, or I can forgive her in the interest of developing a relationship with someone who’s actually my family” (187). At the same time, Regina’s maturing perspective leads her to clarity regarding her mother’s abusive behavior. She recalls how her mother felt so “hurt” by Regina’s father that she took it out on her: “He hurt me the MOST, so YOU will hurt me the most!” (141). Though this does not excuse Cookie’s actions, it provides an explanation that renews Regina’s commitment to Ending the Cycle of Abuse.
Symbols and motifs reinforce these experiences. A family portrait insisted upon by Cookie symbolizes the fragile illusion of perfection in their lives, and moments of shared joy, such as singing while looking for food, emphasize the theme of Resilience Through Family Bonds: “On the walk home, we snack as we savor our successful hunt, and sing ‘Ain’t No Mountain High Enough’—taking turns being Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell—since it symbolizes the lengths we’ll go for one another” (112) . During moments of abuse, Regina recalls how she and her siblings walked on the beach and wrote their names in the sand, and this happy memory acts as a mental refuge connecting her to past resilience: “Then, I’m there: walking on the beach with my sisters and the kids, writing our names in the sand, floating in the water, and lifting up rocks to discover clams for dinner” (151). Literary devices, such as the poem Regina writes in fourth grade (“People look but don’t see, why? / People hear but don’t listen, why? / People touch, but don’t feel, why?” [109]) emphasize her developing introspection and ability to articulate her pain, foreshadowing a future in which she will publish her story in the form of the memoir Etched in Sand, thus reclaiming the narrative of her life. The narrative structure, which shifts between ages four and 14, allows Calcaterra to reflect on her growth, culminates in a letter to her father in which she asserts her self-worth: “I am now living in a foster home because my mother, Camille Calcaterra, was a bad mother, not because I was a bad kid” (179). Regina finally begins to see through her mother’s attempts to blame her for the family’s suffering.



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