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Long Island serves as both the physical and emotional landscape of Regina’s childhood and acts as a motif throughout the memoir. It represents home and the importance of having roots, as well as the complex interplay of safety and instability in Regina’s early life. Despite the constant upheaval caused by Cookie’s neglect, relocations, and foster placements, Long Island remains a place of formative experiences that shape Regina’s identity and allow her to build Resilience Through Family Bonds. The memoir opens with Regina reflecting on this connection: “Now, as I examined it from the sky, my emotions swelled with a love for this place—how the experiences of growing up here made me who I am” (3). This quote illustrates that Long Island is more than a place; it is a source memory and the emotional anchor for Regina’s narrative. The setting offers both joy and trauma, from moments of sibling solidarity on beaches to periods of extreme neglect in dilapidated homes. There is a strong contrast between the poverty that Regina and her family experience and the developing wealthy neighborhoods that surround them, and this contrast informs Regina’s commitment to addressing inequality.
Long Island also symbolizes continuity amid chaos. While Cookie’s choices bring instability, the place itself endures. It is where the children form their earliest bonds, play on the beaches, and imagine futures of safety and freedom. The island acts as a backdrop against which experiences of survival, resilience, and family loyalty unfold, showing that identity and belonging are deeply tied to place. Long Island is therefore a symbol of origin, memory, and permanence, anchoring the memoir’s chaotic events and emphasizing that home can be both painful and formative. Regina eventually returns to Long Island and settles there, feeling in the end that it was one of her only sources of consistency.
Sand functions as a multifaceted symbol in Etched in Sand, representing impermanence, Resilience Through Family Bonds, and the inevitable moments of innocence that exist in childhood. Regina and her siblings often played in the sand, writing their names and building sandcastles together, only to have the work washed away by the tide. This repeated act mirrors the transient nature of their childhood homes and circumstances. The act of writing names in sand symbolizes identity formation, as the siblings assert their presence in a world that repeatedly threatens to erase them. The sand also represents the theme of Finding Purpose through Suffering, as “no accomplishment has taken place without trial, and no growth could have occurred without unwavering love” (4). The children would write their names in the sand and, when washed away, write them again, encircled with hearts to show their love for each other. This quote emphasizes that while their environment and circumstances were unstable, the siblings’ emotional bonds remained enduring. Sand embodies the fragility of life under Cookie’s neglect, the temporary nature of their homes, and the resilience required to keep rebuilding, both physically and emotionally. Through everything, the love and solidarity of the Calcaterra siblings persist, showing that the foundations of character and family are built through effort, care, and persistence.
The Jesus figurines and the concept of the “Happy House” serve as related symbols of protection, love, and stability in the memoir, as well as the Failures of the Child Welfare System to identify what is best for children. The “Happy House”—a vague, early childhood memory that turns out to be the home of Aunt Julia and her husband—represents a rare period of safety, warmth, and care, contrasting sharply with the chaos of Cookie’s home. It becomes a symbol of hope and a model for what family and nurturing could be, allowing Regina and her siblings to envision life beyond neglect. The figurines within this house symbolize moral guidance, faith, and a tangible sense of comfort during uncertain times. They provide a sense of sacredness and security in a life often defined by danger and emotional neglect. The Happy House becomes a refuge in Regina’s and her sister’s memories, acting as a source of normalcy and emotional growth. It stands out in the memoir as a place where the siblings experience unconditional love and stability, reinforcing the importance of safe, caring adults in shaping children’s development.
When Regina visits Julia as an adult, the Happy House allows her to contextualize her early experiences and fill in gaps left by Cookie’s neglect and her father’s absence. It symbolizes the possibility of healing and the enduring impact of kindness. Together, the Jesus figurines and Happy House symbolize the contrast between nurturing and neglect. They embody the stability and love the siblings needed and demonstrate that even brief moments of safety can leave lasting impressions on children growing up under extreme adversity.



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