46 pages 1-hour read

Jacqueline Woodson

Feathers

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2007

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Symbols & Motifs

Feathers

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of racism and bullying.


Drawing inspiration from Emily Dickinson’s poem “‘Hope’ Is the Thing With Feathers,” the author employs feathers as a symbol of hope throughout the novel. The narrator is in sixth grade, and she initially doesn’t understand that the poem compares hope to a bird, prompting some teasing from her brother: “The word doesn’t have feathers. It’s a metaphor. Don’t you learn anything at Price?” (3). Despite this confusion, Frannie identifies similarities between hope and feathers, such as how they are both light enough to “just float everywhere” (79). At the start of the novel, the protagonist struggles to find hope because she feels uneasy about growing up, anxious about her mother’s health, and troubled by Trevor’s bullying. She gradually grows in hope as she reflects on her experiences with the Jesus Boy and discovers a personal relationship with faith, building up to the story’s final sentence: “Each moment […] is a thing with feathers” (118). This observation illustrates Frannie’s newfound determination to live in the present and hold onto hope in spite of suffering and uncertainty. As a symbol of hope, feathers give the novel its title, advance the theme of faith and hope, and contribute to the protagonist’s growth.

Bridges and the Highway

Woodson uses the highway and bridges to represent societal divides and connection, respectively. A highway separates Frannie’s neighborhood, where most residents are people of color, from an affluent white neighborhood. As Frannie notes, “There weren’t white people on this side of the highway. You didn’t notice until one appeared. And then you saw all the brown and light brown everywhere. And then you started to wonder” (16). As this excerpt illustrates, the highway figures prominently in Frannie and the other characters’ awareness of societal divides, particularly those based on race. Throughout the novel, characters allude to the symbol when discussing divisions, such as when Trevor tells the Jesus Boy, “Don’t no pale-faces go to this school. You need to get your white butt across the highway” (3). Although Trevor’s bullying seeks to build up divisions, other characters challenge the highway and what it stands for. The Jesus Boy’s family are the only characters shown crossing the highway. Their move into Frannie’s neighborhood demonstrates that this barrier is permeable to a degree and that societal divisions needn’t be absolute even though they are sometimes presented as such. Similarly, Frannie challenges societal divisions when she declares that hope is “[a]cross the highway and on this side too” (80). Woodson presents the highway as a symbol of division in order to advocate for greater recognition of people’s common humanity across racial differences and other societal divides.


As a symbol of connection, bridges counter the division of the highway. Sean introduces the symbol as a thought experiment in Chapter 3, reflecting, “Imagine if somebody built a bridge right outside our window and we could just walk across the highway and be on the other side” (16). This symbol is born out of Sean’s longing to experience what life is like for other people and to connect with those who are different from himself, such as girls his age who can hear. The symbol returns in the novel’s final chapter when Simon & Garfunkel’s song “Bridge Over Troubled Water” plays on the Wright-Barnes family’s stereo: “When darkness comes, he sings, and pain is all around. I will comfort you” (117). The song develops the novel’s symbolism and contributes to the resolution’s peaceful, hopeful mood by expressing the healing power of connection. Just as a bridge joins two locations, genuine connection bridges divisions in society and serves as a source of strength and beauty.

Winter

Winter symbolizes hardships that present challenges to hope. In literature, authors often use the dark, cold season to represent painful aspects of the human experience, such as death and sorrow. The somber symbolism of the wintry setting resonates with the protagonist’s inner struggle to find hope. For example, Frannie and Samantha encounter heavy snowfall on their way home in Chapter 16, observing, “[I]t was still winter. It felt like it would always be. ‘You ever think spring’s gonna come?’” (94). Just as Frannie struggles to imagine an end to the bleak, snowy weather gripping the city, she has a difficult time being optimistic about her mother’s pregnancy and the state of the world in general for much of the novel. In contrast, Woodson accentuates the resolution’s hopeful mood by having the gloomy weather give way to glorious sunshine in Chapter 22: “Can you believe this sun? After all those weeks of snow?” (116). By this point in the story, Frannie feels better about her mother’s pregnancy and her own ability to respond to the pain she sees in the world. The radiant sunlight signifies the promise of spring and the brightness of the characters’ hope as the novel comes to a close. As a symbol of hardship, winter adds layers of meaning to the novel’s setting and develops Woodson’s thematic exploration of The Role of Faith and Hope in Facing Challenges.

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