56 pages • 1-hour read
Susan ChoiA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of racism, illness, and ableism.
The Kang family’s transit to Japan is turbulent. As soon as they arrive, Louisa feels conscious of her multiple heritage. She forces herself to do things that will avoid drawing attention, like walking with her head down. She also becomes irritated with Anne, who is absent-minded throughout their initial tour of Tokyo.
All three are underwhelmed by their derelict apartment in the town where they’ll be living. Serk defends the residence by pointing out they have more rooms that the average Japanese household.
Louisa goes to Japanese school instead of homeschooling via an American curriculum. Although she gets accustomed to life in town, many people continue to exoticize her as an American girl. Louisa becomes more proficient in Japanese, though this does little to stop her from feeling out of place.
Anne, meanwhile, shows little interest in leaving the house. One night, Serk announces they will go on a day trip to a seaside town to visit an old friend. He and Louisa end up going without Anne, who is ill. Serk’s friend, Mrs. Ishida (Soonja’s married name), is younger than Louisa expected. They go for a walk on the beach so that Serk and Mrs. Ishida can talk in private. Louisa watches them and observes the tension in their dynamic. Before they leave, Mrs. Ishida takes a picture of Serk and Louisa.
On the way back, Louisa pesters Serk over his relationship with Mrs. Ishida, urging him to explain why it was so important for Louisa to meet her. Serk dismisses the question.
Shortly before they leave the United States, Anne begins to lose sensation in her body. Her doctor dismisses it as anxiety, suggesting it will resolve itself after the move. On Tobias’s 18th birthday, Anne writes him about their move. The Kangs leave for Japan on January 1, 1978.
One month into their stay, Anne receives a letter from Tobias in Japanese; it turns out that he is living in a town not too far from the Kangs. He asks to visit. Anne writes back yes. She has a difficult time physically reaching the mailbox to mail the letter, and she spends the rest of the day in recovery.
Tobias arrives on the same day that Serk and Louisa take their day trip. He has boundless sincere enthusiasm about everything—a byproduct of his tumor extraction, which transformed his personality. Affectionately, he wishes he could have held onto his tumor. Tobias now goes from temple to temple in Japan, offering his services in exchange for board and lodging.
Tobias visits Anne every Thursday when she is alone. Out of concern for his well-being, Anne gives Tobias toiletries and other supplies. Tobias offers to help Anne improve her Japanese proficiency, but she just wants to know more about his life. Tobias invites Anne to walk around town with him, but Anne worries that she and Tobias will draw too much attention and expose their meetings to her family. Nevertheless, emotionally dependent on his presence, she invites him to go for a walk the next time he visits.
During their walk, Anne is surprised to see that Tobias is beloved by the townspeople, to whom he introduces Anne as his mother. Tobias left for Japan as soon as he received her birthday letter and spent time in the town before the Kangs arrived. He will only stay in Japan for as long as he feels he is meant to, after which he will proceed to wherever he is meant to go next. Tobias takes Anne to the local temple, which was established by a mother-prophet. Tobias loves visiting the temple and regularly participates in its worship dances. Anne realizes how much she has sequestered herself from the life of the town and momentarily feels a sense of belonging.
That night, Anne shares what she has learned about the town’s religious practices with Serk, pretending that Louisa criticized them. Serk complains that Anne insisted on sending Louisa to the local school rather than the international school in Osaka. The next morning, they decide to take Louisa to Osaka under the pretense of sightseeing. When they reach the train station, Anne lets slip that she is transferring to the international school, which turns Louisa belligerent. She refuses to leave her current school.
On the train, a commuter experiences an injury that causes her to bleed out on her seat. Serk tries to avert Louisa’s gaze during the hour-long ride. When they reach Osaka, the three collectively agree to return home. Louisa wonders what happened to the commuter. Anne explains that people sometimes experience involuntary health issues.
Before they moved to Japan, Serk and Louisa started going to the movies together. This broke Serk’s tradition of keeping cinema visits a solitary activity; he felt Louisa had finally become old enough to enjoy movies with him.
In Japan, when Louisa tells Serk that a new film called Close Encounters of the Third Kind will be opening soon, Serk agrees to take her to see it. He is glad that the film can distract her from all of the shortcomings of their time in Japan thus far, including his own failure to kindle a relationship between Louisa and Soonja. To Soonja, Serk defended his decision to introduce her as his friend rather than his sister by citing the precarity of his residency in the United States. When Serk pointed out that their parents’ promise to return to Japan proved empty, Soonja was upset at his implied criticism.
Louisa gets anxious about seeing Close Encounters of the Third Kind, scared of seeing the alien spaceship. Afterwards, when Serk asks if she enjoyed it, she lies that she did so that she can continue going to the movies with her father.
Sometime later, Louisa arrives home from school early and is surprised to find her mother with a young stranger. The stranger greets her as his sister, prompting Anne to remind Louisa that she has met Tobias before. Louisa insists that she doesn’t remember him. After Tobias leaves, Louisa asserts her uninterest in Tobias, but Anne explains what her life was like when she was 19. While Anne is now a different person, Tobias remains important to her. Louisa accuses Anne of keeping Tobias’s visits a secret from her father, which Anne denies.
The following Thursday, Louisa finds Tobias working in the kitchen while Anne rests. Tobias, now 19, reveals to Louisa that they are half-siblings, which shocks Louisa. Anne intervenes; she meant to ease Louisa into the truth.
Louisa’s alienation from her classmates fades as they come to accept her and she makes friends. She continues to think about Tobias, resenting his offer to teach her the temple worship dance because of their sibling relationship. She considers exposing Tobias’s visits to Serk, but is also convinced that Serk would want her to tackle the issue without his help. Louisa resolves to continue the process of assimilation. She associates Anne’s failure to engage with her new environment to her disability.
Serk continues to take Louisa with him to see Soonja—still known to Louisa as Mrs. Ishida. Thanks to her developing Japanese proficiency, Louisa can eavesdrop on the adults’ conversation, in which they discuss their frustration over the suffering of an unspecified third party. This mysterious person is interested in meeting Anne and Louisa and wants to learn more about Serk’s life in the United States. During one visit, Mrs. Ishida takes Serk and Louisa to the pier to look at a docked ferryboat. Its schedule is unpredictable, even when people come with permits to travel. Mrs. Ishida has applied for a permit to board the ferry, asking a friend from the Organization for help, which Serk protests.
Louisa asks Serk about Anne’s illness. Serk doesn’t know what it is, but hopes that her health will improve. Louisa resents her mother because it hurts Louisa to feel sympathy for Anne. When Louisa asks if Serk would prefer Mrs. Ishida as his wife, Serk weeps and laughs at her.
The Kang family’s move to Japan brings them closer to the events of the Prologue, as the novel calls back to some of the narrative elements surrounding Serk’s disappearance. For instance, the first chapter of Part 2 foreshadows Anne’s illness through her frequent refusal to leave the apartment. Chapters 6 and 7 show Serk and Louisa going to see Close Encounters of the Third Kind, revealing what caused the film to leave such a strong impression on Louisa.
The novel explores the theme of Tension Between Belonging and Identity through the divergent experiences of Anne, Tobias, and Louisa. The psychological effects of inclusion physically affect Anne’s body. While her illness is not medically caused by her failure to adapt to expatriate life, the novel creates a correlation between the two. In Japan, Anne stands out as an unambiguous outsider, a status that is often underscored by her physical difficulties. In Chapter 5, Anne struggles to walk to the mailbox. This challenge parallels her increasing alienation from Serk and Louisa; unlike in the US, where Anne and Serk shared outlier status, in Japan, Serk and Louisa assimilate in ways that Anne cannot.
By contrast, Anne’s growing relationship with Tobias is an escape from total alienation. Although Tobias is also a foreigner in Japan, his guileless enthusiasm allows him to find belonging in ways that none of the more guarded Kang family do. When Anne walks around town with Tobias, her mobility is unaffected by her disability, as she draws strength from Tobias’s sense of fitting into the environment. However, when Anne shares the fruits of her new experiences with Serk, he brings her back to the illness status quo by antagonizing her attempts to explore Japan.
Unlike Tobias, who explores Japan without wanting to disappear into it, Louisa makes the effort to assimilate into her new home, eager to never be seen as an outsider. Her desire echoes that of the young Serk, who also elected to hide his Korean heritage and pass for Japanese.
The novel’s key plot element and ongoing motif of secrets here centers Louisa’s knowledge that both of her parents are hiding things from each other. The irony is that the secrets of both parents are familial; in each case, Louisa meets a relative without learning of the kinship they share. This obfuscation continues the theme of Loneliness in Family Life: Despite having access to an extended circle of relations, none of the Kang family builds a larger circle of connection. Anne never directly tells Louisa who Tobias is, just as she had failed to do so the first time they met. Similarly, Serk never clarifies that Mrs. Ishida is his sister Soonja, leading Louisa to presume that she is his mistress. Louisa’s access to half-truths feeds into her growing resentment of her parents. It is impossible for her to feel settled in her new home when her parents keep introducing new circumstances that upend family stability.
The novel’s reference to the movie Close Encounters of the Third Kind plays into the thematic threads of the Kang family’s narrative. The film, which is about first contact between humans and an alien species, traces a family’s growing alienation from the father who alone anticipates the aliens’ arrival. This divide mirrors the alienation of all three members of the Kang family. Anne cannot communicate the reality of her illness or her reunion with Tobias to her husband and daughter. Serk cannot reveal to his wife and child the truth of his upbringing, and Louisa is realizing that her parents are both mysterious and unwilling to explain themselves to her. This dynamic leads to the painful relationship between the adult Louisa and her mother depicted in the Prologue: Louisa openly antagonizes her mother because she is sorry for Anne’s health problems, but unwilling to feel this hurt.



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