Flashlight

Susan Choi

56 pages 1-hour read

Susan Choi

Flashlight

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2025

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Part 4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of emotional abuse, physical abuse, graphic violence, and suicidal ideation.

Part 4, Chapter 12 Summary: “Serk”

Serk is being tortured in a North Korean interrogation cell. His torturer, who is speaking Korean, orders him to state his nationality.


On the night Serk disappeared, he was actually abducted by North Korean agents. Because he tried to resist with his flashlight, his abductors severely beat him. When the torturer shows him the flashlight, Serk takes it and beats the man. Later, he is unsure if this really happened.


Serk’s captors convince him that they have Louisa in their custody, threatening to harm her if he does not comply with his reeducation. The captors accuse Serk of having internalized American and Japanese imperialist values. When they serve him limited quantities of meat, they say it is out of fear that his values have made him gluttonous, but Serk suspects that this is a convenient excuse for food shortages. When Serk recovers from his injuries, he is transferred to another room with a window and a sleeping mat. Serk asks if Louisa is living in the same complex. His captors claim that Louisa has progressed much faster with her reeducation. Serk imagines that his family must have endured similar psychological torture upon their repatriation from Japan. Serk suspects that he was targeted for abduction because the house he rented was recommended by Soonja’s friend, who may have been a North Korean agent.


When Serk doubts that Louisa is still alive, his captors reassure him of her well-being in hyperbolic terms. Serk commits himself to reeducation to survive. One day, a man named Byung Ho is sent to Serk’s room to learn English and Japanese. Serk is unsure whether to trust in Byung Ho, but Byung Ho treats Serk with deference. Serk manages to relearn Korean through his interactions with Byung Ho.


As they work together, Serk asks Byung Ho about Louisa. Byung Ho claims ignorance, but promises to inquire on Serk’s behalf. In exchange, Serk promises to tell Byung Ho more about his life. Serk is given more students to teach, for which he is rewarded with improved living conditions. Byung Ho gives Serk updates about his search for Louisa, which gives Serk hope and prompts him to open up when asked about American culture and values. Serk attributes US global cultural power to American self-assuredness. In turn, Byung Ho similarly tells him about the social hierarchy of Pyongyang, suggesting that Louisa may have been integrated into the party elites.


Sometime later, however, Byung Ho admits his new suspicion that Louisa isn’t in North Korea after all. He reassures Serk that his captors lied with good intentions. Then, Byung Ho accuses Serk of being an American spy, claiming that Serk sailed to North Korea in a small vessel to infiltrate its borders. Serk is shocked by Byung Ho’s betrayal. When Serk tries to attack Byung Ho, he is incapacitated and transferred to a reeducation camp.

Part 4, Chapter 13 Summary: “Anne”

Anne is married to Walt for about ten years, until his death. Then, Anne is forced to move out of her apartment when it is marked for redevelopment. She downsizes her belongings to enter an assisted living facility and finds the boxes that Tobias had kept in storage after the sale of her Rolling Prairie house. The boxes contain various documents from Anne’s past, including her correspondence with Dr. Grassi, her family, and friends. Anne is struck by how little she can remember of her thoughts and worldview at a younger age, though the letters show how well she managed her relationships with each of her correspondents.


One of the last letters she wrote to Dr. Grassi is dated shortly before her departure for Japan. The letter describes Serk’s friendship with a Korean man named “Tom” (Tae-Min’s chosen American name). In her Thanksgiving letter of the same year, Anne shared that Serk had received a letter in Korean from Tom that greatly distressed him. It was a piece of propaganda, whose creators Tom feared. Sometime later, Tom’s wife reported that Tom had been kidnapped after getting a phone call. The phone was later found left hanging off the hook. Serk dismissed the matter as Tom abandoning his wife.


Anne suddenly remembers an argument she had with Serk, in which Serk urged Anne to dismiss her concerns about Tom and his wife. She also remembers that when Serk received the letter, Louisa was hoping to take off its stamps for her collection. Serk never gave her the stamps. Anne connects these two memories and wonders if Serk might have been afraid as well. She arranges for the boxes to be placed in storage.


While cleaning her old purse, Anne rediscovers the photo she’d kept of Serk and Louisa on the beach. When Louisa was still a teenager, Anne had argued with her about the photo since neither of them could remember who had captured it. Louisa wanted to keep the photo, so Anne hid it away in her purse’s inner pocket, forgetting it until the present moment. She calls Louisa, who finally remembers then that Serk’s female friend (Soonja) had taken the photo. Louisa knows the woman was unlikely to have been Serk’s mistress because of their dynamic. Louisa admits that she liked keeping the friend a secret from her mother, but the friend’s identity is still a secret to her too. She cannot remember what Serk and his friend talked about and claims that she couldn’t understand Japanese at the time. Anne sends a copy of the photo to Louisa.

Part 4, Chapter 14 Summary: “Tobias”

Tobias comes across a protest calling for the resurfacing of a girl named Yumi. Yumi disappeared when she was walking home from tennis practice in 1977. She was 13 years old. The protest organizers connect her disappearance to over 30 other incidents of Japanese people living in coastal towns suddenly going missing. Tobias is so struck by the information that he collapses. When he revives, he offers to help.


The organizers include protest speaker Saho, and Yumi’s parents, Fumiko and Koji. At Saho’s apartment, they tell Tobias about their efforts. Yumi’s parents have always believed that she was abducted. They faced resistance from the police, who urged them to accept the official conclusion of death. Saho’s brother Takashi and his girlfriend disappeared in 1979. Saho led the police to the beach where Takashi was planning to propose to his girlfriend, but all they found was his car in normal condition. The police concluded that the couple died at sea, but Saho refused to believe this. She became certain that they were also abducted.


Saho’s parents became extremely protective of her after Takashi’s disappearance. They died when she was in university, which caused her to experience suicidal ideation. That was when she met Fumiko and Koji, who visited her university to bring awareness to Yumi’s disappearance.


Saho’s abduction theory was bolstered in the early 1990s when a North Korean defector who had previously worked in espionage revealed that he had been taught how to blend into Japanese society by a prisoner who had been abducted from Japan. The abductions were part of a larger program to install government agents across the archipelago. Since then, Saho and Yumi’s parents have connected with many other families who claimed that their loved ones had also been abducted. This way, they established the patterns that defined North Korea’s abductions.


It becomes clear to Tobias that all these families rely on each other to sustain hope. Over the next few months, he participates in awareness-raising campaigns. He refrains, however, from engaging in any public-facing activities out of fear that his whiteness will distract from advocacy. This drives tension between him and Saho, who insists that attention is what they need. Tobias eventually relents when Yumi’s parents hold an event to mark the next anniversary of the disappearance.


At the event, Tobias understands that Saho wanted him to draw attention because the public has already lost interest in Yumi’s case. A woman comes up to Tobias and apologizes for her initial resentment of Yumi’s parents. Tobias tries to convince the woman to speak with them, but she is so reluctant that she starts to weep. Tobias gets up to console her, but faints. Saho later explains that the woman mustered the courage to speak to Yumi’s parents, sharing that her own brother disappeared. When he learns this, Tobias realizes that the woman’s brother is Serk.

Part 4, Chapter 15 Summary: “Louisa”

Two years into their marriage, Louisa and her second husband, George, go to Hawaii. Just before they arrive, Louisa realizes that she has already been to Hawaii, even though she told George that she hadn’t. She recognizes its smell, a sensation that only grows stronger.


Louisa has a wonderful honeymoon. When they arrive in Kauai, their last stop, Louisa once again remembers coming to the island. She calls Anne, who reveals that Hawaii was a stopover during their transit to Japan. Louisa cannot believe that she has forgotten all about this trip. Her bewilderment irritates Anne.


When they return from the honeymoon, Louisa remembers that she still has her college duffel bag, which holds all of her belongings from the summer trip to Paris. In it is the diary entry that Tobias had returned to her. She realizes that the entry is not describing her father’s death in Japan, but their trip to Hawaii. Louisa calls Anne because she now remembers sharing a memory with Dr. Brickner of Serk going down into loud water. Anne doesn’t think this makes any sense because Serk was afraid of swimming.


Tobias emails Louisa that he is in New York and will visit her shortly. Louisa assumes that he has come to discuss Anne’s mounting health issues, but Tobias is actually there to talk about Serk, who he believes is still alive. He appeals to Louisa to listen to his theory, though he is clearly paranoid about his surroundings. During his explanation, he shows her a picture of an Asian woman, sparking recognition within Louisa.

Part 4 Analysis

As a captive of the North Korean government, Serk is forced to reckon with the part of his identity that he has turned away from. If his departure from Japan in Part 1 marked his attempts to widen the gap between himself, his fraught family relations, and his Korean ethnicity, then the rest of the novel has been slowly drawing him back, turning his heritage into a present reality whose orbit he cannot escape. Serk’s utilization and dehumanization speak to Tension Between Belonging and Identity. However, even when Serk’s family’s fate is made clear by way of his treatment at the hands of his captors, he only believes the details that offer him hope, namely that Louisa is alive and well. Serk is told many things about the state of North Korea, but the novel underscores that any information is not to be trusted as the repressive state government leverages Serk’s hope to fulfill their ulterior motives.


Anne and Louisa each experience The Limits of Human Memory as they remember details that offer new insight or revise their understanding of the past. Anne, for instance, reconnects with her past self via correspondence that shows her to have been methodical and conscientious in her relationships. She is surprised that she cannot summon up the perspective of this younger version of herself. She also digs deeper into her memories of mysteries surrounding Serk’s relationship with Tom, examining for the first time evidence that Serk was afraid of whatever had happened to Tom and finally unwilling to accept Serk’s dismissal of her curiosity. The novel thus resolves some of its dramatic irony—a technique in which readers know more than the characters. Having already seen the outcome of Serk’s abduction, the reader knows that Anne is right to conclude that Serk was frightened. Serk always lived at a distance from his own family because he was too afraid to share the burden of the past he always knew would come back for him.


Louisa, similarly, discovers her past visit to Hawaii, which illuminates her understanding of the dream she wrote about in the extracted diary entry. The novel connects her newfound remembrance to her sense of smell, which has been scientifically proven to be able to evoke deeply stored memories. The trip to Hawaii has not before appeared in the narrative, so the reader and Louisa are on the same footing in terms of knowledge. Louisa is betrayed by the limitations of her memory but still tethered by her emotion to the tension of her unresolved relationship with Serk. This is evidenced by the fact that she still holds on to the diary entry, just as Anne holds on to Louisa’s backpack and the photo of Serk and Louisa. That tether allows Louisa to unlock Anne’s recollection that Serk was afraid of water and swimming, a hint to the true events that took place on the night of Serk’s disappearance.


Anne and Louisa’s delving into the novel’s mystery plot are mirrored in Tobias’s storyline, where he meets the families who have lost their loved ones to the same kinds of abductions that Serk experienced. But although the novel borrows some tropes from detective fiction, such as enigmatic clues and unreliable witnesses, it always grounds the investigative aspects of the plot in relational and thematic resonances. The growing relationship between Saho and Yumi’s parents mirrors Louisa’s re-engagement with her own mother. The loneliness families of victims experience when authorities refuse to believe them, and the support and community they find in each other, echoes the slow rapprochement of the Kang family as secrets are finally revealed: “[T]hey kept up each other’s belief. It was hard to believe all alone” (344).


The novel considers different kinds of grief. Walt’s death is easy to grieve because there is nothing about it that needs to be explained. On the other hand, Anne continues to wonder about Serk because there are so many lingering questions that she cannot answer. Having sped past the process of mourning Serk, Anne and Louisa now experience discovery as a form of grief, something that finally offers them resolution.

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