From Sand and Ash

Amy Harmon

56 pages 1-hour read

Amy Harmon

From Sand and Ash

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2016

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Chapters 16-20Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of religious discrimination, death by suicide, graphic violence, and death.

Chapter 16 Summary: “February”

Angelo sends Eva on a mission to meet Aldo to pick up identification papers. She is to meet him at Sacred Heart afterward. Eva was late for her meeting with Aldo, and it was close to curfew when she finally saw him walking toward her. She hears a whistle, and Aldo passes by, whispering for her to keep walking. To keep her identity concealed, Eva doesn’t turn around. The person who whistled is Captain von Essen. Eva keeps moving until she finds a place to hide. Captain von Essen forces Aldo to expose himself, revealing his circumcision and that he’s Jewish. The captain shoots Aldo in the head. After the officers leave, Eva runs to Aldo, takes the documents, covers him, and then leaves.


Eva is late, and Angelo fears the worst. When she arrives at the church, she is in shock and has Aldo’s blood on her hands and dress. She tells Angelo what happened while he helps her wash, which requires him to remove her clothes. She is shaking, and he wraps her in blankets and holds her tightly. Desperation mixed with sadness overtakes Eva, and she throws off the blankets and tries to kiss Angelo, but he pushes her away. She takes his hand and moves it across her naked body, but Angelo doesn’t respond. She feels ashamed of her actions and apologizes to him, but he comforts her. Angelo holds Eva until she falls asleep. He feels as though he’s failed her because she felt ashamed for what she did and because he couldn’t respond even though he desperately wanted to. He goes to pray for forgiveness and for Aldo’s soul.


Eva writes in her journal on March 8, 1944, that she has grown to like Greta von Essen despite her husband’s actions. She is empathetic because Greta, unable to have children, feels like a failure.

Chapter 17 Summary: “March”

Captain von Essen is under increased pressure from Lieutenant Colonel Kappler to dismantle the underground network supporting hidden Jewish people. They are working closely with the Italian Fascists to find all the Jewish people in Rome. Captain von Essen enlists Eva’s help in planning a dinner for the German officers because SS commander Heinrich Himmler is visiting. She gives him the name of the finest hotel in town and reluctantly agrees to play the violin for the festivities. Greta will help Eva find a dress for the occasion. Greta selects a dress that makes Eva uncomfortable, and Greta jokes that Himmler will fall in love with her. Eva says she doesn’t want to fall in love until after the war, but Greta can tell she loves someone. Eva says it was someone she knew long ago back home. Greta says love is all they have. Eva is too fearful to love. Greta proclaims, “There are worse things than being afraid […] Being resigned is far worse. Being afraid lets you know you still want to live” (253). Greta tells Eva to invite her brother to the party.


Eva doesn’t want to perform for the murderous Germans, but Angelo encourages her to think of it as another way to resist. While she plays, he can hardly take his eyes off her. After the performance, Captain von Essen gives her an envelope and whispers in her ear. Angelo fears he is making an inappropriate advance. Eva meets him secretly in the cloakroom and explains that he gave her a key to a room for the evening and told her not to return to the convent, hinting that the Gestapo will be raiding all the churches. Angelo lies to the front desk and gets Eva’s room switched. Then he uses the phone to deliver the code phrase “Midnight mass” to as many churches as he can. Some churches don’t have phones, and he must go to warn them in person. He reluctantly leaves Eva in the room alone, promising to return.

Chapter 18 Summary: “The Crypt”

As Angelo is walking to warn the churches, Captain von Essen pulls up and offers him a ride home. Instead of taking Angelo home, the Captain forces him to help with a raid on Saint Cecilia. The Captain orders Angelo to translate for him as he shouts over a bullhorn for everyone in the convent to come outside. Mother Francesca slowly opens the gate and tells the Captain that the nuns will not come outside, because they are cloistered. The Captain sends his officers inside to investigate. The nuns, several of whom are Jewish people in disguise, line up. An officer demands they remove their wimples and head coverings, and Angelo fears this will blow their cover, as the Catholic nuns shave their heads. All the nuns begin reciting the Lord’s Prayer and remove their head coverings, revealing all their shaved heads. The officer is embarrassed by his mistake and reports to the Captain that all is well inside.


Outside, the boarders are lined up, including Mario and his family, but their false papers save them. The Captain isn’t satisfied and demands that Mother Francesca let the officers inspect the underground crypts. Mother Francesca refuses to let them in the crypt as it’s a sacred burial site for martyrs and proclaims that anyone who desecrates the tomb will be cursed to die like a martyr. Mother Francesca’s words disturb the officers, and they hastily leave the catacombs. They don’t know that behind the crypt is a hidden space where those without papers are hiding. Captain von Essen offers Angelo a ride home, but he refuses. The Captain leaves with a warning that if he returns and finds hidden Jewish people, the convent will be punished. Angelo tells Mother Francesca to ring the bells to warn the other churches.


On March 18, 1944, Eva chronicles her performance for the Germans in her journal. She recalls a memory of when she and Angelo went to the circus and a tarot card reader told him his fortune. She told him he would “slay dragons, but not before they slay you […]” (273), causing Angelo to run away in fear.

Chapter 19 Summary: “The Villa Medici”

Angelo returns to the hotel room and finds Eva asleep. He bathes and then watches her sleep. He picks her up and cradles her, and she awakens as he begins kissing her. Filled with overwhelming love for her, Angelo relinquishes every fear he has over failing as a priest. He takes Eva to bed and pledges that he will be hers now, after the war, and forever. The next morning, they hold each other in bed and wish that the world around them were a different place. Angelo doesn’t want Eva to fear and comforts her with kisses.


They stay an extra night in the hotel, feasting and enjoying each other. The next day, Eva leaves to return to her job, despite Angelo’s worrying about her. Captain von Essen is sullen and distracted, but Eva barely notices as she is blissfully happy. She and Angelo meet later at the Church of the Sacred Heart, where Angelo says he hasn’t been able to stop thinking about her. They go to a secret room and kiss passionately.


Eva writes on March 21, 1944, that despite the Americans landing in Italy in January, they’ve made no progress in liberating the country from the entrenched German army. She feels as though she’ll never be free.

Chapter 20 Summary: “Via Rasella”

Someone at the dinner party recognizes Eva from Florence and informs Greta that she is Jewish. Greta informs Captain von Essen, who then sends a message to Angelo, stating that Eva is in jail, with the intention of luring him into his trap. Monsignor Luciano begs him not to go, but Angelo can’t leave Eva on her own. As soon as he arrives at Via Tasso, guards take Angelo into a holding cell, and Captain von Essen questions him. The Captain knows everything, including that Angelo and Eva were raised together. He makes a deal with Angelo that if he reveals the location of 10 hidden Jewish people, he will let Eva go. Angelo refuses to give him any information. The Captain threatens to send Eva to a camp where “she won’t fare well” (293).


The guards bring in Eva, and though she is unharmed, she looks terrified. The Captain offers Eva the same deal, asking for the names of Jewish people Angelo has helped. She responds that she is the only Jew he’s assisted. The Captain strikes Angelo in the head with his gun repeatedly, each time Eva refuses to answer the question. When the Captain asks where Eva got her false papers, she says she got them from Aldo, whom the Captain murdered. Angelo attempts to bargain, saying that when the war is over, the Germans will face trial for war crimes. If he lets Eva go, Angelo will testify in his favor. The Captain is unmoved, saying no one cares that he killed one Jewish person. The guards take Eva back to her cell and take Angelo away to be tortured. Thirty-six hours later, Angelo still doesn’t break, and they take him away to be executed with other prisoners accused of bombing Via Rasella.


Eva writes on March 24, 1944. Angelo is taken away, and now she is alone.

Chapter 21 Summary: “Ardeatine Caves”

Angelo is badly injured, with one eye swollen shut and his hearing damaged. He is bound and hauled off to a quarry for execution along with the three hundred other prisoners. The soldiers lead five men at a time into the quarry caves and shoot them in the head. They let Angelo perform the last rites for all the prisoners. When the cave is piled high with bodies and Angelo is the only prisoner remaining, a soldier unbinds his hands and leads him out of the cave and into the forest. The soldiers refuse to execute a priest, so they let Angelo go. He can’t hear and can barely walk, but he slowly begins moving toward the road back to Rome. The ground shakes with an explosion, and Angelo realizes the soldiers blew up the caves to hide the massacre. As he walks, Camillo’s words echo in his mind, and he feels he has failed in saving the family.


Eva continues to refuse to give any information to Captain von Essen despite his telling her Angelo is dead. She asks for paper and a pencil and writes her real name, confessing that she is Jewish and that Angelo isn’t her brother. The Captain already knows this, and her resistance angers him. Eva tells him to kill her now because everyone is going to die someday. She has lost all hope knowing Angelo is gone. Eva is loaded onto a cattle car along with other women and children. The conditions inside the vehicles are abysmal, and it shocks Eva to see the Germans’ willingness “to strip away a person’s dignity like stripping away flesh” (307). She thinks they pass through Florence and pick up more passengers, but she can’t be sure where they are or what is happening. The occupants realize that the train is going to Bergen-Belsen instead of Auschwitz, which they believe means they have a chance of survival. Eva feels she is ready to die rather than suffer any longer.


Angelo crawls into Rome, trying to get to Santa Cecilia. He is barely conscious when he arrives. When he wakes, he is in bed, and Mario is caring for his injuries. Angelo mourns not being able to save Eva. He wishes he’d married her before the war instead of becoming a priest, so they could have children. If both die, their family name ends with them. Mario comforts Angelo and thanks him for saving so many Jewish families. His legacy will live on through the children of the people he saved. Mario gives Angelo Eva’s journals, and he reads the last entry, dated March 22, 1944, in which Eva writes that kissing him was “a mitzvah.” He cries over the empty pages left in the journal.

Chapters 16-21 Analysis

Aldo’s execution is a personal loss for Eva and a symbolic act of terror meant to strike fear into the hearts of all who resist. Von Essen deliberately humiliates Aldo by forcing him to reveal his circumcision, turning a sacred and private sign of faith and into a death sentence. Aldo’s sacrifice alters Eva’s understanding of The Endurance of Identity in the Face of Persecution. Aldo embodied courage and loyalty within the underground movement, representing the cost of defiance under Nazi rule. Far from frightening Eva into giving up the resistance, as it was designed to do, Aldo’s death strengthens Eva’s resolve to carry on the work they began together. Rather than silencing her, his murder intensifies her determination to honor his memory by continuing to fight, even at significant personal risk. Through Aldo’s sacrifice, Eva comes to realize that her Jewish identity is inextricably linked to her role in the struggle against persecution. Bearing witness to such brutality demands courage, even when it means accepting another personal loss.


Witnessing Aldo’s murder sparks in Eva a strong need for human connection. As she attempts to satisfy this through sexual intimacy with Angelo, she forces him to confront The Tension Between Faith and Desire. Her actions are driven not just by romantic desire but also by a desperate need to affirm life amid death, seeking warmth and intimacy to push back against the cold finality of Aldo’s murder. Angelo’s refusal is his own way of resisting despair. By maintaining his vows even amid horrific circumstances, he clings to the identity that gives his life meaning. Angelo is caught between his priestly devotion and his earthly passions, and before he and Eva can be together as they both want to, he must first disentangle his identity form his vows and learn to find meaning in the love between people, not only between himself and God. This conflict between duty and love forces Angelo to face the fragile line between honoring his sacred obligation and his humanity.


Eva’s decision to play violin at Via Tasso is both her most daring act of resistance and the moment where her carefully balanced survival collapses. By agreeing to perform for the Germans, she knowingly takes a calculated risk, as the performance exposes her in a way she cannot control. Music, which has always been her refuge and identity, suddenly becomes a beacon that draws dangerous attention as “she played, exultant and brilliant, powerful in her vulnerability, a conquering army of one. And the audience had no idea they were bested” (255). The metaphorical language here highlights the theme of Love as a Source of Strength. Her music is an expression of love for humanity, and here it becomes a weapon strong enough to defeat a Nazi army division. Still, the victory is only symbolic. When she is recognized and her cover is blown, the gamble proves disastrous. An act that was meant to protect and empower her instead triggers betrayal and loss, unraveling the resistance network. Eva’s violin symbolizes beauty, survival, and even hope, but it becomes implicated in the downfall of those she loves. The results illustrate the unbearable cost of survival in a time when every choice is both necessary and dangerous.


After Captain von Essen forces Angelo to participate in the convent raid, Angelo undergoes a profound rupture in his spiritual journey as he reckons with The Endurance of Identity in the Face of Persecution. The raid breaches the nun’s vows and moral beliefs, forcing Angelo to confront the emptiness of clinging to strict piety amid the moral decay of war. This is the rupture that allows him to let go of his rigid faith in his vows and finally yield to his long-suppressed desire for Eva. This moment underscores the tragic clash of faith, guilt, and human longing, as Angelo cannot reconcile the violence he has seen with the purism of his religious calling. In this new context, yielding to an unruly passion looks to him like an act of resistance against the deadly fascist obsession with purity. He turns to Eva not just out of passion but out of desperation to feel alive and connected in a world falling apart around him. Angelo’s surrender is not a turning away from faith but as a shift in the meaning of devotion. He surrenders his call to slay dragons as, “Those dragons were gone, and in their place was unconditional love and a desire to sacrifice and submit, to lay down every need and ambition, for someone else” (279). His vows of chastity once meant complete loyalty to God, but that sense of purity now feels empty compared to the horrors happening around him. By choosing Eva, he isn’t abandoning his faith but redefining it. He begins to view devotion not as denying earthly love but as fully committing himself to another person. Just as he once envisioned his priestly life as a total sacrifice to God, he now sees a similar holiness in giving himself entirely to Eva. Angelo’s decision bridges the gap between the sacred and the human. Loving Eva becomes a form of worship, an evolution of devotion that connects the divine with the earthly.


Angelo and Eva’s response to being arrested crystallizes the theme of Love as a Source of Strength. In refusing to give up the locations of Jewish people in hiding, they demonstrate that their love is not only for each other but also for the values that bind them together and give them the courage to protect the vulnerable. Their silence is an expression of loyalty to God, humanity, and to one another. Harmon shows that love endures even when it cannot manifest in physical closeness. Separated, tortured, and facing certain death, Eva and Angelo’s refusal to betray one another affirms that love has become their shared vocation and something larger than either of them, transcending death and time.

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