91 pages • 3-hour read
François Rabelais, Transl. Thomas UrquhartA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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To point Gargantua in the right direction, Ponocrates first requests the physician Seraphin Calobarsy for a cleansing potion that will also erase his previous education from Gargantua’s mind. He then designs a curriculum in which Gargantua utilizes all his time in physical exercise and learning the scriptures, languages, and musical instruments.
On rainy days, Gargantua attends lectures and visits various guilds to see how artifacts are made, instead of wasting time.
Some shepherds guarding vineyards in Gargantua’s lands ask bakers from Lerne carrying fouaces (an airy flatbread) for some bread. The bakers refuse and insult the shepherds, hitting one of them. The shepherds attack the bakers and seize their bread.
When he learns of the incident, King Picrochole the Third of Lerne orders his soldiers to attack the shepherds of Utopia.
Picrochole’s soldiers start sacking towns in their path, not even sparing homes infected by the plague. When they reach Seuilly, Frere Jean des Entommeures has the abbey bolted from the inside and saunters out with a shaft from the cross, using it to kill the soldiers stealing the monastery’s grapes.
Meanwhile, King Picrochole invades La Roche-Clermault and captures the castle. A shepherd informs Grandgousier of the siege. Grandgousier wants to first try resolving the matter peaceably, and sends men to understand why Picrochole is sacking Utopia. He also informs Gargantua of the matter by letter.
Having received his father’s missive, which entreats him to return to defend his land, Gargantua immediately leaves for his home country.
Meanwhile, after dictating the letter to Ulrich Gallet, his Master of Petitions, Grandgousier sends him to warn Picrochole of their plans.
At Picrochole’s court, Gallet declaims that it is unfortunate Grandgousier’s good will toward Lerne has been met by unnecessary hostility. It is now best that Picrochole withdraw from Utopia peacefully. He will not face violence on his way out.
Picrochole has no response to Gallet, except to ask his men to pound Gallet to fouaces. Gallet returns to Grandgousier, who investigates the dispute. Grandgousier offers to replace the fouaces his men took from those of Picrochole, but Picrochole seizes the bread and refuses peace. Grandgousier’s council suggests a decisive war may be the quickest way out.
Picrochole’s councilors le Duc de Little Trash, Le Comte Spandassaino, and Captain Squit flatter him with flowery language to persuade him to himself march against Utopia. When the old man Echephron advises caution, Picrochole insults him.
On his way from Paris to Utopia, Gargantua reaches Parilly, where he learns that Picrochole is at nearby La Roche-Clermault. Ponocrates advises they meet le Sieude la Vauguyon, a family friend who can counsel them about the goings-on. Vauguyon offers them his full support.
Gymnaste, Gargantua’s companion and Vauguyon’s employee, take a measure of the battle and find the enemy looting and pillaging. Captain Tri-ffart of the enemy camp says Gymnaste can pass through if he gives up his horse.
Gymnaste announces he is the devil, scaring many of the enemy’s soldiers. He then performs equestrian tricks on his horse, scaring them further. As the enemy cower, thinking he is a fiend, Gymnaste gets off his horse and kills the soldiers swiftly before heading back to La Vauguyon.
After hearing Gymnaste’s report, Gargantua rushes into battle with a huge company. He uproots a large elder tree on his way and uses it to smash the enemy’s forts, defeating them.
Gargantua and his men return to the chateau of Grandgousier, and the entire city greets them with joy. It is said Gargamelle dies of happiness, but the narrator does not care if she did since he cannot be bothered about her or any other woman. Grandgousier is impressed to see Gargantua caught the enemy’s cannon balls in his hair and holds a huge feast to celebrate the victory.
The central event of this section, marking the climax of Book 2, is the war between King Picrochole and the Utopians. The treatment of this war is markedly different from the war against the Dispodians in Book 1. While in that war, Pantagruel and Panurge were always battle-ready, eager to slay the enemies, here Grandgousier insists that war is always the last resort.
This reflects a shift from ideals rooted in medieval chivalry to the humanism of Erasmus, an important Renaissance philosopher who had influenced Rabelais. Erasmus believed all war was fratricide, since wars were a means for humans to kill their brethren, who are all children of God. In the book, Grandgousier determines that the dispute was ignited by his shepherds and sends Galle to reason with Picrochole, even replacing the bread his shepherds took before realizing that war may be his only option. The petty origin of the war—the dispute over the fouaces—is a satire on the frivolous causes of war in the real world, as well as the odd motivations of tyrants. King Picrochole—his name meaning “bitter bile” (choler)—lives up to his name, embodying a tyrannical, irrational rage (it was believed at the time that an excess of bile led to a bilious or terrible temper). He is presented as the antithesis of the grandfatherly, wise Grandgousier.
An important character introduced in this section is Friar Jean, the monk of Seuilly. Though Jean does not feature prominently in the narrative after Chapter 40 and reappears only in Book 4, he is significant as a symbol of Ridiculing and Reforming Religion. The image of Jean walking out of the chapel armed with a staff drawn from a cross speaks to the medieval love of relics, especially those purported to be from the “true cross” on which Jesus died. The cult of relics was one of the aspects of traditional Catholicism frequently ridiculed by Protestants and more reform-minded Catholic humanists, as the trade and misuse of relics was notorious at the time. In his active defense of the monastery, Jean undoes the popular notion of the verbose, corrupt, and cowardly monk who likes to preach rather than practice. However, since the book is a satire, Jean’s motivation to fight is to defend the abbey’s wine-making grapes rather than for any higher cause.
Gargantua’s coming to the rescue of the forces of Utopia establishes him as a mock-heroic figure. His hypermasculinity and hyperbolic bravery are made clear through the striking image of him combing cannon balls out of his hair as if they were lice. His bravery foreshadows that he will emerge as the triumphant hero in the last third of the book. In this narrative thread, Rabelais continues to poke fun at the narrative conventions of the chivalric tales and epics that were still widely popular in his day. Meanwhile, the narrator’s comment on not caring about women in Chapter 35 draws attention once more to the text’s attitudes toward gender and The Treatment of Women.
Rabelais often interlaces his prose narrative with other storytelling forms and conventions, such as poems, dialogue, and even mime. The Antidoted Bubbles (Book 2, Chapter 2) parody the coq-a-lane satirical poems, or cock-and-bull nonsensical poems that abruptly jumped from topic to topic, yet were supposed to contain bubbles of wisdom. The poem presented here is frustratingly elusive, containing references to the Christian God through the words “I AM” (214), yet ultimately a riddle. Such performative storytelling devices show how Rabelais utilizes oral and folk story-telling practices in the body of the novel.



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