56 pages 1-hour read

Heaven

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 1998

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Part 1Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1, Chapter 1 Summary: “Heaven”

Content Warning: This section of the guide contains descriptions of racist violence and self-harm.


Fourteen-year-old Marley describes her hometown of Heaven, Ohio in great detail, mentioning the precise number of steps it takes to get from her house to the Western Union, where she frequently goes to wire money to her Uncle Jack. Marley describes important landmarks such as Ma’s Superette, which is open 23-and-a-half hours per day. (During the brief break, Ma prays.) While Heaven might seem boring to many, Marley is fond of her town. However, this changes when she learns the real reason that she has been going to the Western Union all these years to wire money to her uncle.

Part 1, Chapter 2 Summary: “Postcards from Uncle”

Marley explains that she, Momma, Pops, and her brother Butchy moved to Heaven, Ohio, from California 12 years ago when her mother came across a postcard on a park bench that was postmarked “Heaven.” Marley recalls Momma’s belief that Heaven would be a small, quaint town that would be a good place to raise a family. Pops also wanted to move to Heaven because it had an accessible Western Union, which would make it easier to wire money to Uncle Jack. Only after discovering the Western Union did Pops realize that Heaven would also be a good place to raise a family and Marley’s many pets. Pops tells Marley that her love of animals is just one of many things that reminds him of his twin brother, Uncle Jack, who travels around the country in his truck with his dog, Boy.


Uncle Jack, currently in western Kansas, sends a letter to Marley. He describes the beauty of the sunflower fields and encloses a few sunflower seeds. Marley explains that she has never met Uncle Jack, as he has been traveling since she was born. He tried to visit them a few years ago in Heaven but found the house empty and left after two days. Marley figures that Uncle Jack’s surprise visit coincided with the family’s vacation to Cleveland. Marley enjoys spending time with her family, but she wonders what Uncle Jack looks like, as she has only seen one photo of him and Pops as young boys. In the photo, Pops and Uncle Jack sit with the first of many dogs that they will name “Boy.”

Part 1, Chapter 3 Summary: “Shadow Ghosts and Cadillacs”

Marley introduces her best friend, Shoogy Maple, who has been kicked out of multiple schools. Shoogy always wears rain boots, and recently moved to Heaven with her family. They meet at Ma’s Superette while Marley is wiring money to Uncle Jack. Shoogy and Marley bond over feeding Ma’s cat. Marley explains that “[Shoogy] wasn’t like anybody in her family and like everybody in mine” (15). Marley judges Shoogy’s family for seeming too perfect and notices that Shoogy changes when she is around her family.


Marley describes an incident in which she and Shoogy were sitting in a tree in Shoogy’s yard. Suddenly, Shoogy’s family pulled up in a brand-new Cadillac. Shoogy was upset to see the new car and kicked the front of it before taking off down the street as her family watched her from inside. Marley was surprised and worried by her friend’s reaction. A few days later, Shoogy told Marley that she saw a “shadow with a warm glow” (17) following Pops around. Shoogy becomes frustrated with Marley when Marley was unable to see it. Shoogy became more frustrated with Marley when Marley sat in the new Cadillac, marveling at the reclining seats. When Shoogy explained that she used to compete in beauty contests, Marley realized that behind her odd façade, Shoogy was beautiful. This conversation made Marley distrust Shoogy’s family and wonder what secrets Shoogy might be hiding.


Marley explains that rather than using a photo ID to access his wire funds, Uncle Jack gives Marley’s family a list of code words to use for each day of the week. Marley has had these words memorized for years and reflects that she does not know much about her uncle. Oftentimes after wiring him money, Marley sits outside the Superette and tries to envision him, but he remains a mysterious and shadowy figure.

Part 1, Chapter 4 Summary: “To the Amish”

Marley and Shoogy’s friend, 16-year-old Bobby, drives them and his baby daughter, Feather, to Amish country. Marley has babysat Feather often since last winter. In doing so, Marley has befriended Bobby and enjoys spending time with him and Feather even when she is not working.


Shoogy, Marley, and Bobby eat rhubarb pie in a field by Route 608, and Marley reflects that both Shoogy and Bobby have secrets. Marley explains that she refrains from asking, not because she is not interested in her friends’ lives, but because she knows that people move to a new town to “start all over and forget what happened before” (26). Marley sits with her friends, watches Amish women working, and thinks that today is nearly perfect.

Part 1, Chapter 5 Summary: “Letter from Uncle”

Marley receives a letter from Uncle Jack dated May 24. Uncle Jack describes meeting a man whose father was born in the early 1900s and yet the man could still remember his father’s voice. Uncle Jack states that he can also recall the voices of people who are gone, such as the man who saved him from drowning during the Vietnam War and then died while trying to save someone else.


Uncle Jack confesses that he has been thinking about settling down and staying in one place, rather than moving every few months. He is thinking of Marley and her family. He then answers questions from one of Marley’s previous letters, stating that he plays the guitar. He asks if Marley’s father still plays. Uncle Jack reveals that he may come to Heaven to surprise Marley and her family. He asks her to send love to “your dad, mom, brother, and anyone who means anything to you” (31).

Part 1, Chapter 6 Summary: “Hitching”

Marley tells her mother that Bobby picked up a hitchhiker the day before. Her mother tells her never to hitchhike. Momma’s reaction makes Marley reflect that although people in Heaven tend to distrust outsiders, her two best friends have lived in Heaven for less than a year and fit in well.


Marley takes Feather to the playground and reads a book about Montana while Feather plays in the sand. Although Marley checks on Feather “every thirty seconds” (33), she soon realizes that she should not be reading while she is supposed to be watching Feather, thinking that parents in general tend to be anxious about their children.


That evening, Bobby picks up Feather from Marley’s house, and Feather promptly falls asleep on her father’s shoulder. The image conjures a memory of Marley’s early childhood, when she helped her father wash the car. Marley realizes that she was making more of a mess than helping, but her father just smiled and let her put soap on parts of the car he had already rinsed.

Part 1 Analysis

The first six chapters establish Marley’s affection for the town of Heaven and her contented existence with Momma, Pops, and Butchy, creating a baseline to convey the everyday routines of her world, in which she is well-loved and protected. Her sense of security is implicit in her descriptions of the town’s mundane landmarks, such as Ma’s Superette, the local convenience store, and these details establish Heaven as an idyllic place that evokes the same sense of placidity and tranquility as its biblical namesake. These early chapters evoke the sense that Marley’s life is simple and straightforward, and she blithely believes that she lives in a place where bad things simply do not happen.


However, this sense of serenity will soon be juxtaposed with Marley’s dismay upon learning the secrets that her family has been keeping from her. As she struggles to cope with her disillusionment in the remnants of the idyllic life that she has come to know, she must work on Redefining the Concept of Family in a way that fits her new understanding of the people that she loves. The novel follows Marley’s journey toward accepting the truth about her family, and this new knowledge will disrupt her relationships with those closest to her. It is only when she embraces the help of her friends and family that she will finally be able to accept this new worldview. 


From the very beginning of the novel, Johnson emphasizes The Importance of Community Support, and well before Marley learns that she is adopted, it is clear that she draws considerable comfort and contentment from her friendship with Bobby and Shoogy, two young people with complicated family relationships of their own. As the first few chapters unfold, the strength of Marley’s friendships with Bobby and Shoogy depends on the fact that she does not pry into their pasts; instead, she accepts who they are right now, asserting that “the past doesn’t always make sense of the present” (26). This statement becomes a defining concept in Marley’s relationship with her friends; she reasons that knowing all of their secrets would not necessarily allow her to understand them better. In this moment, she demonstrates a maturity beyond her years when she understands that the present can be more important than the past. Ironically, however, it will take her some time to apply this wisdom to her own life.


The subtler hints in these early chapters reflect The Damaging Impact of Secrets, especially within the context of close relationships. At this point in the narrative, Marley does not yet know that Uncle Jack is her biological father and that Momma and Pops adopted her. However, Johnson imbues Marley’s descriptions of her life with details that foreshadow the secrets that will soon come to light. As Marley considers her friends’ mysterious pasts, she thinks that “[i]t looks to me like you’re either born in Heaven or you come here from someplace else to start all over and forget what happened before” (26). The placement of this quote deliberately invites speculation about Marley’s own family, who also moved to Heaven from somewhere else, and the narrative implies that Momma and Pops may also have had their own reasons for wanting to start over. 


While the novel will primarily focus on Marley’s struggles to process the new information about her family and to recontextualize her memories, this early section also draws attention to the fact that the family’s secrets, while well-hidden, have always affected the entire family. Uncle Jack’s letters are the only tangible connection that Marley has to the man she will later learn is her father, and even the casual comments of his letters hint at deeper secrets relating to his own past life choices. He writes to her that he has been thinking about settling down rather than continuing a life on the road, and states, “What must it be like to go home to a house that you’ve lived in and bought things for. Things you love surrounded by the people you love” (30). Jack makes it sound like this kind of life is something that he can only imagine, and his words obscure the fact that he did have this life, once upon a time. Jack’s secrets have kept him at a distance from his family and Marley, isolating him and robbing him of the familial relationships he once had.

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