I Survived the Eruption of Mount St. Helens, 1980

Lauren Tarshis

38 pages 1-hour read

Lauren Tarshis

I Survived the Eruption of Mount St. Helens, 1980

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2016

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Chapters 11-16Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 11 Summary

The following day, the Rowan twins arrive at the diner and tell Jess and her mom that the police are allowing loggers and cabin owners to return to the mountain; their father plans to drive back up to the fishing cabin to fetch his fishing rod. Although Jess wonders if this plan is safe, she jumps at the chance to go with them so that she can retrieve her dad’s camera.


Early the next morning, Jess sets off with Mr. Rowan and the boys, heading to Loomis Lake. When they arrive, Mr. Rowan urges them to hurry because he does not plan to stay long. As Jess hikes on the trail, she gets a bad feeling. The forest is still showing signs of the last earthquake, and the air itself is eerily quiet. When they arrive at the shack, Jess is surprised to find her dad’s camera carefully wrapped in a plastic bag, sitting in her backpack. Wondering who could have done such a thing when the mountain has been closed, she takes the bag.


As the friends leave the shack, they notice an unpleasant smell of rotten eggs in the air and look at each other in alarm, realizing that they are smelling sulfur: a clear warning of an imminent eruption. Suddenly, they hear a huge boom as the volcano erupts.

Chapter 12 Summary

The three children watch as a huge cloud of ash darkens the sky. A hot wind knocks them off their feet, and they feel as though it is cooking them. Jess knows that they could die from the heat, so she pulls the twins into one of the large pits that were recently opened up by the earthquake.


In the pit, the kids scramble deeper into the dirt, tucking themselves into balls. They smell the ash and feel the hot air around them. The air grows cooler, so Jess stands up, but a tree collapses on the hole, knocking her unconscious.

Chapter 13 Summary

Ten minutes later, Jess wakes up, feeling the pain of her burns and trying to remember what happened. With the sky still dark with ash, Jess struggles to see, and she knows that she must wait in the pit. Sam tells her that Eddie is hurt, and the three friends use their T-shirts as breathing masks as the ash rains down. The ground trembles, and the children huddle together. Even though Jess is scared, she is glad that her friends are there.

Chapter 14 Summary

An hour later, the ash has stopped falling, and the sky grows lighter. Jess peers out of the pit and sees that the surrounding forest has been destroyed, leaving only “a graveyard of fallen trees” (75). Jess is shocked to see that everything is destroyed—even Mount St. Helen’s formerly sparkling white peak, which is now a black, gaping crater.


Eddie and Sam are seriously injured and in shock. Jess hopes that Mr. Rowan will come to find them, but she feels that she cannot wait. She decides to leave to try to get help. Jess puts her hand on the boys’ hands and does their secret handshake on her own. She feels responsible for saving them and gets ready to leave.

Chapter 15 Summary

Feeling hot, thirsty, and disoriented, Jess leaves her sweatshirt on a log and begins to walk in the direction of the parking lot. Each stream is nothing but ashy sludge, and Jess climbs over fallen trees, trying to keep to her old route. The volcano continues to boom, but Jess carries on, determined to help her friends. After a while, Jess realizes that she is lost. Suddenly, a helicopter flies overhead, and Jess waves a branch to get its attention. The helicopter lands, and a man comes out to help Jess climb aboard. She explains that they must rescue her friends. As they fly overhead, Jess spots her red sweatshirt and tells the pilot to land.

Chapter 16 Summary

Two months later, Jess is tidying her new room in Seattle as she prepares for visitors. She has painted her room red, which is now her lucky color. Jess reflects on the fact that Dr. Morales has become her friend and even helped her to paint her new room. The eruption upset him deeply, as one of his scientist friends was among the 57 people who died. Jess reflects that Dr. Morales was right in his predictions; the eruption of Mount St. Helens indeed caused great destruction.


Jess’s old town of Cedar was mostly safe, but some people, like her classmate Missy, lost their homes. Jess remembers that she wants to write and tell Missy that the myth of the Skeleton Woman really is true. At the diner, Jess recently met an older woman named Gretchen, who claimed to be the real “Skeleton Woman,” an identity that she created to scare off the loggers who came to cut down trees near her cabin. Hearing this story, Jess realized that Gretchen was the one who had packed up her camera so neatly into her bag. Both Jess and Gretchen were sad that the beautiful forest and its animals were destroyed by the eruption.


In the aftermath of the eruption, Jess’s mom decided to move to Seattle and retrain as a teacher. Mr. Rowan bought the diner from her, and Jess was happy that her closest friends would run the restaurant. Jess misses Eddie and Sam, and she is thrilled when they finally arrive for their visit. The excited friends give each other a huge hug.

Chapters 11-16 Analysis

These chapters provide a dramatic culmination of the author’s focus on The Unpredictability of Nature, and Tarshis employs a barrage of dramatic imagery to demonstrate the sudden changes around Mount St. Helens as the mountain begins to erupt. She writes, “This angry black cloud looked nothing like the wispy gray plumes they’d seen from Cedar. It boiled wildly and spread out all around until it had painted the whole sky a furious black” (65). This negative, emotional language renders the mountain itself the true antagonist of the story. Jess’s shock at the changed landscape on the mountain also drives home the reality of nature’s destructive potential. She is devastated to see the annihilation of a thriving forest and stares aghast at the tangle of burnt logs and ash, in which “[t]he trail was gone” and “[n]othing looked familiar. It was as though she’d crash-landed on a distant planet, a smoking, ash-covered land” (79). The author’s simile in this passage highlights the intensity of Jess’s surreal experience in the aftermath of the natural disaster.


Within this context, the final chapters focus primarily upon the children’s efforts to show Courage in Times of Crisis as the world turns to fire and ash around them. By describing Jess’s fear as well as her bravery, Tarshis creates a realistic picture of an average person navigating a dangerous situation with fortitude and positivity. Thus, even the novel’s climax acts as an educational tool that provides a wealth of practical information on how to react to unexpected situations. As Jess rapidly assesses the dangers and realizes that the hot winds coming down the mountain are part of a pyroclastic surge, she quickly saves the boys’ lives by pulling them into a pit for protection. As the narrative states, “She looked around with desperation, knowing that they wouldn’t last more than a few seconds if they stood here” (66). This passage shows that Jess is able to use her knowledge about eruptions to react appropriately and survive the emergency.


Her bravery is illustrated once again when she immediately resolves to find help for Sam and Eddie, who have both been gravely injured by the blast. In this key moment, Tarshis provides a window into Jess’s train of thought, showing that the protagonist actively works to overcome her fears and take action. The author uses a tense, almost frantic tone to convey Jess’s state of mind, as when the girl reflects on the importance of finding help and wonders, “But what if there was another eruption? What if another fiery hurricane swept over the forest? What if she got lost?” (77). However, she forces back this barrage of rhetorical questions with the resolution to find help for her friends, no matter the cost, and this decision reveals the true core of her innate courage and her dedication to The Power of Friendship.


This theme is also apparent in the fact that Eddie and Sam’s presence makes a positive difference in Jess’s experience of the disaster. As she and her friends “huddle” together in the midst of the debris, Jess knows that the “one thing worse than being in the middle of this horror” would be to endure the crisis “alone, without the twins” (74). In addition to comforting Jess with their presence, the boys’ urgent need for medical attention also motivates her to leave the pit and try to find help. Her love for Eddie and Sam inspires her to brave a whole new set of dangers in search of aid, and she is determined not to fail her friends. As the narrative boldly states, “Jess would do anything to help the boys. She would even face the volcano by herself” (77). These words emphasize the power of the children’s friendship as they continue to support each other, and this dynamic extends to the aftermath of the eruption as well. In the novel’s conclusion, when Eddie and Sam reunite with Jess at her new home, their strong embrace wordlessly illustrates the depths of their bond, and it is clear that even though Jess lives in a different town, her friendship will continue.

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