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Lauren TarshisA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
In the novel, the grizzly bear represents self-sufficiency and independence. Facing starvation, grizzlies use their toughness and smarts to provide for themselves. When Jackson sees a grizzly bear raiding his family’s cabin, he knows that the bear has to ransack their food to survive. As a starving “winter bear” that has emerged from hibernation early, the grizzly only has its strength and tenacity to rely on for survival. Because of Jackson’s upbringing in the wilderness, he feels a kinship to the bear since, like the grizzly, Jackson has also had to be tough and rely on his skills to survive. His admiration for the grizzly adds to the novel’s theme of The Survivalist Mindset, as Jackson prides himself on his resilience and independence.
At the end of the story, Jackson encounters the same bear again in the summertime by the river and is glad to see that it has recovered from the harsh winter: “Jackson barely noticed the tears rolling down his cheeks. That bear had been through so much. But here it was, strong and healthy. Just like Jackson” (69). Jackson’s sympathy for the bear despite its destruction of his home adds to the author’s characterization of Jackson as a mature and empathetic person. By the end of the story, Jackson still relates to the bear but knows that he has a new, more community-minded perspective due to his experiences in the earthquake.
In the book, the wolf pack is a symbol for community, friendship, and interdependence. Jackson’s story about the grizzly bear’s confrontation with the wolf pack reveals the power of community. While, as individuals, the wolves are weaker than the grizzly bear, their ability to collaborate and stand together in solidarity against their enemy leads to their victory against the most intimidating apex predator in Alaska. Jackson tells his classmates how he witnessed wolves working together to survive a grizzly attack. He tells them, “‘Wolves don’t fight alone. They fight as a pack. They stick together’” (41).
The symbol of the wolf pack supports the theme of Individualism Versus Community, as Jackson recognizes that strong relationships can help animals survive. When Jackson is injured in the earthquake, he is rescued by his own “pack”: his new friends, Chris, Leonor, Mary, and Nora. Jackson is humbled as his survivalist skills aren’t enough for him to help himself, and he depends on his friends to carry him to safety. This experience causes him to aspire to be more relationship-oriented, like a wolf, and less like an individualistic grizzly bear. The author writes, “But the earthquake had taught Jackson another lesson, too. He didn’t want to be like a grizzly, a fierce creature living alone. He wanted to be like a wolf, part of a pack” (72). Jackson’s symbolic new role model reinforces his character’s shifting personality and priorities.
Jackson’s backpack represents the knowledge he has learned from his experiences living in the wilderness. When Jackson begins school in Valdez, he brings his backpack of usual supplies with him, even though he is just sitting in a classroom all day. His army-green pack has typical survivalist supplies such as rope and a flashlight. In the past, Jackson has relied on his backpack to help him through difficult challenges, like when he was stranded in a blizzard while hunting rabbits by himself. Having his backpack close makes Jackson feel more confident and prepared for the unexpected.
This symbol highlights Jackson’s experiences and evolution as a character. At the beginning of the story, Jackson’s backpack, or knowledge, helps him to survive in his demanding, off-grid lifestyle. However, during the earthquake, Jackson realizes that his backpack is no longer useful to him. The author writes, “As they headed away from the harbor, Jackson turned and saw his backpack lying on the ground. ‘Wait -’ he started to say. But he stopped himself. There wasn’t time to go back. And besides, what he needed right now wasn’t in that backpack” (66). By showing how he cannot use his backpack’s tools in the earthquake, the author emphasizes that Jackson’s old knowledge, which included his expectation of always being tough and self-sufficient, became a burden rather than a boon to his survival.



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