42 pages • 1-hour read
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Existential anxiety, which takes the form of Frank’s mid-life crisis, is one of the novel’s primary themes. The book is specifically interested in the forms it takes, the responses people craft towards it, and the ways people can overcome it. Frank’s anxiety stems from an intuitive realization that his life, in the grand scheme of things, is ultimately meaningless. In response to this, he crafts a strategy that puts stoicism at the forefront. As an example, he says, “I’m briefly bemused by Joe’s belief that I’m a man who believes life’s leading someplace. I have thought that way other times in life, but one of the fundamental easements of the Existence Period is not letting whether it is or whether it isn’t worry you” (49). Frank believes that how his life will turn out is out of his control; therefore, it is not worth the worry and stress of trying to figure it out. This seems as though he has figured out a means by which he can keep his existential anxiety in check.
However, the incident with Paul getting hurt exposes the flaws in Frank’s approach. While it appears in the passage above that Frank is able to accept the nature of his existence in a reasonable manner, what he really does is detach himself from the reality of it—specifically, the emotional investment in others that his life requires. Frank says of Clair Devane,
Eventually her desk will be manned by someone else and business will go on—sad to say, but true—which is the way people want it. And in that regard, as well as respecting the most private of evidence, it can sometimes already seem as though Clair Devane had not fully existed in anyone’s life but her very own (144).
The acknowledgement here that the transitory nature of life is “sad” reveals the discomfort Frank feels at his life becoming meaningless like Claire’s. In his mind, it will, as will all lives. Nothing is permanent, and the best answer is to just go with the flow and keep your proper distance from possible failures and emotional harm. This is not a way to live, which Frank learns after Paul’s injury.
Part of what Frank must do is come to grips with the past. It is an arduous task, and Frank is never truly able to execute it until Paul is hurt. When Paul is hurt, Frank immediately panics and fears that he has been killed. The moment brings Frank back in time to the death of his other son. When it becomes clear that Paul has been injured but that he is responsive, Frank’s thoughts and reflections change. He begins to see the difference between an emotionally detached existence and one that accepts the uncertainty of life with more grace and human connection. By the end of the novel, he proclaims that he is entering into a new phase of life, “The Permanence Period,” which still recognizes the uncertainty of the future but involves a healthier acceptance of it than the phase that he has emerged from.
The plot of the novel, which is fairly straightforward, centers on Frank traveling to pick up his son and take him to two sports halls of fame within driving distance, all over the course of a holiday weekend. The premise seems simple enough until the details of Frank’s family life come into clearer view. His divorce is seven years old, and there are lingering tensions between him and Ann, especially in the way she has remarried and seemingly moved on from Frank. Their relationship at this point could not be described as bitter; they speak with each other and seem to understand the importance of sharing co-parenting responsibilities. However, there is still a lingering tension between the two, and it has an impact on their children, especially Paul.
With Paul entering adolescence and the early stages of self-reflection, divorce inevitably leaves its mark on him. Paul’s emotional turmoil, his inability to feel comfortable in his own skin, and his posturing as a defense mechanism all indicate that, like his mom and dad, Paul suffers the after-effects of past trauma. Frank’s urgency in setting up the trip with Paul is a response to his arrest for shoplifting and assault. Ann “is of the belief that all this will pass, that he is simply going through a phase and doesn’t, in fact, have a syndrome or a mania, as someone might think” (11). Frank is more concerned that there is a deeper problem here. His suspicions are confirmed when Paul purposely lurches in front of the fastball in the batting cage; it is fully apparent that what Paul is experiencing is not just a phase but something much more.
In their conversation following Ann’s arrival at the hospital, Frank intuitively realizes how he has failed his son. He tells Ann, “And I will feel this way. When your dog gets run over, it’s your fault. When your kid gets his eye busted, that’s your fault. I was supposed to help manage his risks” (396). He is speaking of Paul’s injury, but more broadly Frank feels remorse for not being there to help his son on a daily basis. He blames Ann for this, though he refrains from saying so in this moment. His remorse triggers a likewise remorseful response from Ann. She apologizes to Frank for the accusation that Paul just wanted Frank to notice him, which is why he did what he did in the batting cage. She embraces Frank. In this sequence, the two parents realize how each has contributed to Paul’s emotional troubles. When Frank later asks to have Paul visit him, Ann is still skeptical, but she understands that seeing his father is what Paul needs in his life. Both Frank and Ann finally realize that Paul’s well-being is not equivalent to their own well-being. While divorce has created tension and disagreement between Ann and Frank that has spilled over to their children, the message inherent in this scene is that ego and hurt feelings need to be overcome, so that ex-spouses can responsibly partner to raise healthy children.
In Chapter 6, Frank says that “laissez-faire is not precisely the same as independence” (177). Laissez-faire as an approach to living implies a complete disregard for the consequences of one’s actions. When Frank stops off at the Vince Lombardi truck stop on the New Jersey Turnpike, he witnesses all manner of this kind of mindset. He wonders if it is really independence to be walking around like a zombie through a truck-stop stocked full of junk food and video games. He sees the people wandering the truck stop and realizes that this is the antithesis of what the holiday is supposed to represent. As Frank suggests, nothing in the truck stop shows any proof that it is the Fourth of July. It is as though nobody there has stopped to consider what the holiday means. While judgmental and based on assumptions, a cursory glance at the truck stop reveals to Frank a nation moving away from its primary cause. Frank claims in the novel’s final chapter that Independence Day
is an odd holiday, to be sure—one a man or woman could easily grow abstracted about, its practical importance to the task of holding back wild and dark misrule never altogether clear or provable; as though independence were only private and too crucial to celebrate with others; as though we should all just get on with being independent, given that it is after all the normal, commonsensical human condition, to be taken for granted unless opposed or thwarted” (424).
What he witnesses at the truck stop is the drive to get on with being independent without really stopping to appreciate what that means, which inevitably leads to taking the concept for granted.
To Frank, independence is only possible when one realizes that responsibility comes with it. In his prepared but hypothetical sermon he has planned for Paul, Frank says of the Fourth of July that it is, “an observance of human possibility, which applies a canny pressure on each of us to contemplate what we’re dependent on […] and after that to consider in what ways we’re independent or might be” (288). Independence Day is therefore not just a civic holiday; it represents an approach to living and has practical value in everyday life if properly reflected upon. Negotiating the ways people are independent with the ways they are dependent Is the lesson Frank wants to teach Paul. He wants Paul to see that wearing atypical fashion might suggest to others one is independent, but it is an illusory form of the concept. More important than outward appearances and constructed personas is an individual’s state of mind.



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