Insomnia

Stephen King

66 pages 2-hour read

Stephen King

Insomnia

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1994

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Character Analysis

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of death, illness, antigay bias, pregnancy termination, child death, and physical abuse.

Ralph Roberts

Ralph Roberts is the protagonist of Insomnia. He is a 70-year-old retiree who is reckoning with the imminent death of his wife, Carolyn, when the novel opens. Ralph has an avoidant response to Carolyn’s terminal illness, going on long walks around the town of Derry. This signals Ralph’s fear of engaging with the fact of death and the uncertainty of what will become of the person he loves once she is gone. Consequently, Ralph’s character arc challenges him to engage with his fear of uncertainty by making him hyper-conscious of the paranormal mechanisms surrounding death.


The heightened awareness of death puts a heavy burden on Ralph’s conscience. He is often compelled to intervene when he sees the specter of death hanging over other people, visualized through the balloon-cords and the deathbags. Ralph’s unpredictable behavior earns him the ire of Atropos and the Crimson King, but also explains why the Purpose enlists him in their mission to stop Ed Deepneau from killing Patrick Danville. Ralph is naturally driven to intervene when he sees the opportunity to help someone, which is his most noble trait. He reaches out to both Bill McGovern and Lois Chasse when he sees them crying, offers support to Helen Deepneau after she survives her abuse, calls 911 when he believes May Locher is in danger, and helps Rosalie to escape Atropos.


Ralph values his agency, which is why he initially bristles at the mission Clotho and Lachesis give him to stop Ed’s attack on the Civic Center. Ralph repeatedly speculates that the Purpose has ulterior motives, even as the stakes around his mission turn increasingly more urgent. Ralph attributes this skepticism to his upbringing: “Such an upbringing almost negated such nice moral questions as who was working for the good and who was working for the bad; the important thing was not to let the bullies kick sand in your face. Not to be led by the nose” (529). Ralph does not want to be seen as anyone’s pawn, but as an equal collaborator who volunteers his involvement in other people’s business.


Ralph resolves his character dilemma by making peace with the uncertainty of death. Upon seeing Atropos’s vision of Natalie Deepneau’s death, Ralph declares it would have been better for him to remain ignorant of the conflict between the Random and the Purpose. The Epilogue juxtaposes the joy of his marriage with Lois against the fear and grief that accompany his anticipation of the vision’s fulfillment. In the former, Ralph sets aside his worries and focuses on living with what he has. In the latter, Ralph makes peace with the certainty of his own impending death.

Lois Chasse

Lois Chasse is Ralph’s romantic interest and sidekick. She is a widow who, like Ralph, develops a heightened awareness of the auras that animate the human sphere of existence. Though Ralph has a crush on Lois, he is initially cautious of confiding his experiences to her because of her outgoing nature. He mainly fears that she will gossip about him, rather than offer the emotional support he needs. This changes when he deduces that he and Lois are experiencing the same phenomena.


Ralph initially sees Lois as a ditzy, skittish woman, with Bill affectionately referring to her as “Our Lois,” though Lois later alludes to her resentment of how they underestimate her. Lois demonstrates her vanity when Ralph sees her crying on the park bench. She tries to send him away, afraid of letting him see her makeup ruined because of her aggrieved state. She is thrilled when her ability to draw from the energy of other auras restores her youthful beauty. Lois is also sometimes petty, drawing from her friend’s aura when the friend shows envy for her renewed youth. When she realizes that Atropos stole her diamond earrings, she turns violent, realizing how Atropos contributed to the misconception that she was experiencing age-related cognitive changes.


However, Lois reveals her depth and strength as the narrative progresses. Lois has merciful tendencies, often imploring Ralph not to kill any of the antagonists they face along the way. She shows her bravery when she rescues Ralph from Ed’s crashing plane at the last second. In the years following the rally, Lois and Ralph marry and have several happy years together.


The novel ends on Lois coming to terms with Ralph’s death after Clotho and Lachesis gift his aura to her. The brief glimpse that the aura affords her into the brightness of the universe reassures her that Ralph will remain a comforting presence in her world.

Ed Deepneau

Ed Deepneau is the primary antagonist of the novel. Though he is a lower agent in the grand scheme of the Crimson King’s plans, the novel frames him as the final obstacle between Ralph and the resolution of the conflict.


Ed is a research chemist and an abusive husband to Helen. Ralph is surprised by the belligerence Ed shows outside the airport, claiming this is uncharacteristic of him. However, the novel implies that Ralph failed to notice earlier signs of Ed’s abuse of Helen. More than once in the novel, Ed shifts from being overly indignant to meek and penitent, though it is ambiguous whether the former is the result of Atropos’s influence over him or part of his personality. However, Ed’s ability to coolly deny his abuse of Helen also reveals an unrepentant, manipulative streak that shows he can control his behavior and rein in his emotions when it suits him to do so.  


Ed is also an aggressive protestor of the WomanCare clinic, claiming to object to their abortion services, even though it is implied he may also resent how the center also helps abused women like Helen. What is certain is that Atropos weaponizes Ed’s anti-abortion stance to further his plan to bomb the Susan Day rally at the Civic Center. Ralph recognizes this connection when he observes Atropos’s tendency to curse others in the same way he saw Ed do at the airport. Ed is also characterized by his hypocrisy: While claiming to uphold the sanctity of life, it is implied that Ed is the mastermind behind Pickering’s extremist activities, from the attack on Ralph at the library to the assault on High Ridge. His foiled plan to kill 2,000 people at the rally reinforces his character as someone who ultimately has no respect for anyone but himself.

The Crimson King

The Crimson King is the novel’s overarching antagonist. It is the highest-known superior figure to direct Ed’s actions, ordering the death of Patrick Danville to prevent his involvement in the Dark Tower series. The Crimson King is a high figure in the Random, though Clotho and Lachesis claim to know very little about the Crimson King when Ralph alludes to it in Part 2, Chapter 18.


The Crimson King only appears to prevent Ralph from stopping Ed’s plane crash. The Crimson King is a shapeshifter, enabling it to first present itself as Ralph’s late mother, Bertha. It becomes clear that the Crimson King only takes the forms of things that inspire fear in the beholder. As Bertha, the Crimson King tries to scold Ralph, making him believe he is doing something morally wrong with his interference. The Crimson King soon assumes a second form as a catfish, which directly represents Ralph’s fear.


Ralph overcomes the Crimson King because he has a personal stake in the conflict between the Purpose and the Random: Natalie Deepneau’s life. Ralph reasons that if he cannot defeat the Crimson King, then Natalie will never get to live a life free from the Random. This determination to protect Natalie enables Ralph to detonate a trap that returns the Crimson King to the higher planes of existence.

Atropos

Atropos is a secondary antagonist. He is one of the “bald doctors” who appears to Ralph, Lois, and Ed, but exists in contradiction to Clotho and Lachesis as an agent of the Random. Ordinarily, Atropos goes around the world to claim the deaths of people from the Purpose, allowing them to die in sudden, often horrific ways.


Atropos always claims a token from each person he visits, which enables him to exert his power over them. This is demonstrated by his possession of Ed’s wedding ring, which he keeps in a deathbag in a chamber filled with the tokens of everyone he is set to kill at the Civic Center. Atropos is one-dimensional because of his nature as a supernatural being. However, he is vindictive, which he demonstrates whenever Ralph intervenes in his affairs. This not only results in the death of Rosalie, but in the planned death of Natalie, which Ralph must sacrifice his own life to circumvent.

Clotho and Lachesis

Clotho and Lachesis support Ralph in his character arc by providing him with the exposition required to resolve the conflict. The two are agents of the Purpose, who typically function by shepherding people to natural deaths. It is suggested that they directly cause Ralph and Lois to experience the insomnia that gives them perceptual access to the higher planes of existence.


Much like Atropos, Clotho and Lachesis are one-dimensional beings whose motivations are informed by their service to the Purpose. However, Clotho and Lachesis purposefully try to misrepresent their situation to get Ralph to do their bidding. While incapable of lying, the bald doctors omit the truth with the hope of escaping Ralph’s questions. Ralph only learns to trust them when he can get them to admit the full truth behind the Purpose’s motivations.

Bill McGovern

Bill McGovern is one of Ralph’s sidekicks. He is Ralph’s gay housemate, who occupies the downstairs unit of their duplex. Bill is a retired teacher who owes his career to the kindness of his first employer, Bob Polhurst, who did not show an antigay bias toward him during his job interview. Bill is an imperfect ally to Ralph. When Ralph confesses his experience of the auras, Bill is skeptical, which is partly owing to his cynical personality. Bill often believes that people’s worst natures will win out, allowing himself to be surprised when the opposite turns out to be true.


Bill is prematurely removed from the narrative when Atropos claims his death for the Random. The anticlimactic nature of Bill’s death not only heightens the stakes for Ralph and Lois, but also drives a sense of finality around the interactions Ralph has with his fellow elderly community members in Derry. The fact that Ralph and Bill’s last interaction was marked with resentful feelings stresses the importance of Ralph’s conscience. Ralph goes home feeling like he must reconcile with Bill for the sake of their friendship, yet eventually discovers that they cannot achieve reconciliation once Bill has died. For the remainder of his life, Ralph lives with Bill’s death on his conscience.

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