Katabasis

R. F. Kuang

64 pages 2-hour read

R. F. Kuang

Katabasis

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2025

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Chapters 1-6Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section includes discussion of mental illness, sexual content, and sexual violence and harassment.

Chapter 1 Summary

The first chapter opens with a quotation from Plato’s Phaedo, which proposes that true philosophers pursue death and so should not be discontent when their time comes.


Ever since the untimely death of magick student Alice Law’s dissertation advisor, Professor Jacob Grimes of Cambridge University, she has been researching how to venture into Hell and back to retrieve him from Lord Yama. She draws her chalk inscription, but is interrupted by her rival, Peter Murdoch. He is naturally gifted at magick, well-versed in the machinations of the academic institution, and can tell from the inscription where she is going. He alters her inscription so it can transport both of them. 


Alice thinks back to the past few months, how all the research she needed for the journey would disappear when she needed it, and realizes Peter has been researching the same thing. Realizing she has imperfect knowledge, she agrees to go together. Peter asks if she is prepared to pay the price for their descent: Half their remaining lifespans. They both are willing to pay.


Alice blames herself for Grimes’s death. He delegated double-checking his pentagrams to his graduate students. Overworked, exploited, and exhausted, she failed to close the loops of chalk, causing his body to break apart when he cast the spell. Since Grimes never credits graduate students for their work, no one places her at the scene. She started researching journeys to Hell because she needs Grimes’s recommendation letter, which opens up pathways otherwise inaccessible to someone without institutional connections, like Alice.


Alice and Peter say their incantations and arrive in Hell. Alice notes the lack of “tortured screaming, sulfur, and brimstone” (16). They set out for the Fields of Asphodel.


A section titled “On Magick” proposes that magick is a “web of untruths” that can briefly suspend or reinterpret natural laws, causing a “paradox” (17). Chalk, made of compressed sea creature shells, provides the energy needed to work magick, in combination with the self-delusion of the magician.

Chapter 2 Summary

Alice and Peter walk through Hell until they reach the Viewing Pavilion, where the veil between worlds is thin. A reverse image of Cambridge’s Graduate Lab Seven is above them, and they can see their peers reacting to the pentagrams they left behind. They enter Asphodel, where souls come to terms with their death and make amends before moving on. Alice hopes Grimes is still there. With items Peter brought—cigarettes, bread, and port—they make a sacrifice, hoping to bring Grimes to them.


Instead, they summon Archimedes, the analytical magick department’s cat. He is still alive, but cats can cross the veil; he fetches four undergraduates who died under Grimes’s watch when he was a new professor. Most are shocked that Grimes is in Hell, but one girl admits she recognized him when he asked for directions out of Asphodel. They point to the way out. 


Peter asks if they want to go together so they can pass over, and they admit they’re scared to reincarnate, in case they reincarnate into less-privileged lives. Alice thinks this is a prejudiced view. The Shades vanish.

Chapter 3 Summary

As Peter and Alice contemplate how to get past the queue and exit Asphodel, they meet another Shade who encountered Grimes. He reports that Grimes was in a hurry to pass through the Underworld. They decide to pass the crowd by climbing a wall built of bones. Alice climbs easily but realizes Peter is afraid of heights. She coaches him through a panic attack.


When they reach the top, Peter collapses atop Alice, crying. There is tension about their shared history. On the other side of the wall, the ground roils and shifts, refusing to be mentally categorized into a “mappable image” (50).

Chapter 4 Summary

They make it down the other side of the wall, where the plains of Asphodel are replaced by barren desert. Peter mentions he felt like Alice and Grimes were at odds before his death, and reveals he got a prestigious award that Grimes had told Alice she would get; she reveals Grimes took her on a research trip to Italy that Peter was supposed to go on.


After this, they both apologize for bringing up competitive details and vow to set worldly matters aside on the journey. Alice sets up her blanket and, realizing Peter didn’t bring one, offers to share.


Alice thinks back to before starting her PhD, when she was told to explore options other than a tenure-track job. Due to the rise of conservative governments in Europe and the United States and the emphasis on profit, tenured jobs in magick are rare, and it is difficult to work in that field outside academia, but Alice is not willing to entertain another option. She thinks back on her undergraduate advisor, who advised her not to work with Grimes because his students were infamously unhappy and had a 50% graduation rate.


Once at Cambridge, people continued to warn Alice about Grimes. Grimes’s only other female advisee, Olivia, had trouble graduating past coursework and eventually took medical leave and disappeared. Alice was excited by the idea of working with someone dangerous and frustrated that she got so close to graduation before Grimes’s death.

Chapter 5 Summary

Alice wakes up nestled with Peter and enjoys the proximity until Peter gets a sleep-related erection. He apologizes profusely, and she changes the subject. 


As they eat, they discuss their own maps of hell. Peter’s, based on Orpheus’s map, looks like stacked pizzas. He thinks that by finding the center where the discs converge, they can go to whichever level, or “Court,” they want to. Alice thinks Orpheus’s map is too colored by his grief for Eurydice to be accurate. Alice sees the Courts as levels, connected by the Lethe, which acts as a Möbius Strip. She thinks they should search every level, and Peter acquiesces.


Before they leave, he brings up their sleeping arrangements again. Alice wishes their relationship could be as easy as it has been in the past. As Peter talks, the wall they descended yesterday disappears, and Hell takes the shape of a place they’re both familiar with: Campus.


A section titled “On Reincarnation” explains that Hell is not a place of eternal damnation. Rather, souls are “continuously flowing” (78) between worlds as one is reincarnated, though no one can agree how that works. They also do not know the role punishment plays in Hell. They do know that souls eventually travel to Lord Yama, known by other names in other mythologies (Hades, Anubis, etc.).

Chapter 6 Summary

The map settles into a classic-looking campus, but with no greenery or undergraduates. Only the library building is in focus, and Alice realizes it must be the First Court: Pride. Inside, Shades move between the stacks. A Shade informs Alice and Peter that the task to move on is to give an oral defense of their answer to the prompt, “define the good” (84). 


A Shade named George Edward Moore volunteers to give them a tour. He explains that people can end up in Pride for anything, from insisting people cite their own research to simply being a creative writing student. Alice decides Grimes can’t be in Pride, as she believes his pride was proper, rather than the improper types Moore lists.


Moore takes them to his office; he wants to talk with Peter about Cambridge and ignore Alice, but she insists on asking why they can’t simply walk to Desire, the Second Court. Moore says they have to answer the research question first, but admits no one has solved it satisfactorily during his time there. Alice gets him to agree that if he uses two premises to support the conclusion that they must complete the question, they’ll stay. Moore gets lost in adding new premises, and Alice and Peter sneak away.

Chapters 1-6 Analysis

The novel’s eponymous “katabasis” tradition refers to descents into Hell: While characters physically traverse infernal space, the purpose of this descent is about something intangible, like personal growth or realization. One of the most famous katabasis is Dante’s Inferno. The poet begins by saying that, halfway through his life, Dante found himself in a “selva obscura,” or dark forest, because he had lost the “verace via,” or true path. Beatrice, Dante’s deceased love, who is in Heaven, relates to the saints her worries for Dante’s soul, finally causing God to set Dante on the journey described through The Divine Comedy. While Inferno is explicitly about Dante learning his lesson, Katabasis initially seems to be a plot-driven novel, only slowly revealing itself to be more about Alice and Peter’s growth and mutual self-realization as they confront Academia as an Infernal Structure.


The first chapters establish the groundwork that will make Alice and Peter’s growth meaningful, revealing key aspects of their self-image and how they relate to academia’s hierarchies and pressures, introducing the theme of Ambition as Self-Damnation. Alice thinks Grimes’s death is “her fault” and wants to retrieve his soul “for reasons of both moral obligation and self-interest” (1, emphasis added), with “self-interest” suggesting Alice’s single-minded determination to graduate and try to secure a rare tenure-track job. This characterization of Alice’s motivation initially appears straightforward: She wants Grimes’s letter of recommendation to open inaccessible academic doors for her in a difficult-to-navigate profession, and is even willing to go to hell to do so. It will only be in the last third of the novel, after the revelations about the extent of Grimes’s emotional and sexual abuse and Alice’s real plan to retrieve his soul, that it will be made clear that her “self-interest” actually refers to her desire to make Grimes suffer the way he made her suffer. 


The novel is fraught with indirect and direct foreshadowing that Alice’s story does not give the full picture, introducing The Mutability of Facts, Reason, and Logic. For example, the section “On Magick” that ends Chapter 1 seems to be world-building information about how magick works in this universe. Magick happens when a magician can use “[l]inguistic trickery, logical conundrums” to “sp[i]n a web of untruths” that make “the world seem something other than what it was” (17). That same statement applies to the novel at large, as the eponymous katabasis is something other than what it seems, and Alice and Peter’s history with Grimes and each other is something other than what it seems. The truth of these things will be revealed by how the world forms around Alice and Peter since, as Alice says, “Hell adapts to us […] Hell is a mirror” (76, emphasis added). Hell will reflect back the reality that Alice cannot fully admit.


Direct instances of foreshadowing manifest in the interactions between Alice and Peter. Peter is the novel’s deuteragonist, or secondary main character. Much later, the reader will learn that Peter saw Grimes trying to kiss Alice: While the reader does not carry this knowledge into Hell with them in Chapter 1, Peter does, and his actions reflect his feelings about the matter. When Peter gets a sleep-induced erection as they share the blanket, Peter seems “about to cry” as he tells Alice he would “never disrespect [her] on purpose” (66). Even after they change the subject at Alice’s request, Peter brings it back up, telling Alice: “I respect you very much […] As well as your bodily integrity. And I am very sorry to do anything that makes you feel uncomfortable” (75). He also begins to inquire about anything he can do to make her feel “safer.” 


While clearly an uncomfortable situation, Peter’s insistent apologies and his references to Alice’s safety, autonomy, and integrity only make complete sense later, after it is revealed that Peter saw Grimes sexually abusing Alice in his office. While this foreshadows revelations of Grimes’s abuse, it also characterizes Peter, who seeks to distinguish himself from men who abuse their power and privilege.

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