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Alice MunroA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide contains references to murder, death by suicide and suicidal ideation, and sexual abuse, including sexual interactions between an adult and a young teenager. The source text also includes outdated and offensive language surrounding race and mental health conditions that are reproduced only via quotations.
Del Jordan serves as the protagonist and narrator of each story in the collection. Her narration provides a dual-sided perspective of both child and adult, not only because the collection spans her childhood through adulthood, but also due to her reflective tone, which indicates that she tells her story later in life and not as it happens. For example, she relays details such as her experiences at Uncle Benny’s house with a youthful curiosity—as evident in her intrigue at the newspaper he reads—while providing context that a child likely would not, such as noting that Uncle Benny is not actually her uncle. Much of Del’s characterization comes from her observations and perspective on others and the world around her. Early in the text, Del is characterized by her curiosity, reading anything she can get her hands on and advancing The Discovery of Identity Through Exploration throughout her coming-of-age arc.
As she comes of age, Del rebels against social norms. She constantly searches for meaning and understanding of life and the world around her, rather than following the status quo. Her curiosity fuels her rebellious nature Del seeks out experiences, such as attending different churches and later, exploring her sexuality. When she visits the churches in Jubilee, she claims, “Sometimes I thought of the population of Jubilee as nothing but a large audience, for me; and so in a way it was; for every person who lived there, the rest of town was an audience” (106). Here, Del engages with both her curious nature and her understanding that other people in her community are living out their own stories, just as she lives out hers. She learns about herself through other characters, such as her mother and Naomi, as she discovers what she wants out of life. Although Del does not always agree with how Ada or Naomi choose to live their lives, such as Naomi’s decision to prioritize getting married and running a household, Del realizes by the final story that her life is hers to “write.”
Del’s mother, Ada, is depicted as reserved, yet opinionated, especially at the beginning of the text. Del describes her mother as having disdain for being poor and taking great pride in how she appears to other people. Prioritizing “good grammar” and disliking behaviors such as drunkenness and promiscuity, Ada is motivated by her pursuit of a higher social status and a place to belong. In the first story, Del indicates, “My mother corrected me when I said we lived on the Flats Road; she said we lived at the end of the Flats Road, as if that made all the difference. Later on she was to find she did not belong in Jubilee either […]” (10). Early on in the book, Ada’s character is depicted as contemptuous of her station in life and serves as a foil to Del, who is still grasping what that station even is.
However, as the stories progress, Ada and Del have more in common than even Del recognizes, particularly their rebelliousness and unwillingness to accept societal norms. For example, Ada actively partakes in academic and intellectual pursuits as well as establishing her career to pursue the life she desires. Her interests in death, science, and literature and her disdain for religion align with Del’s interests. As Del grows up, her mother models the ways curiosity and intrigue can propel people to learn more about the world around them. Ada’s backstory also provides context to her character; for instance, her willingness to forgive her brother for abusing her indicates that she values moving forward. Ada does not dwell on the past, instead actively looking for ways to avoid reflecting on or reconciling with it. She tends to search for what lies ahead of her and is an active, determined participant in her own life as she works toward her goal of leaving the Flats Road behind.
Although Naomi and Del remain friends for several years, they serve as foils to each other due to their opposing views on how to live. Naomi adheres to the stereotypical gender roles that are socially expected of young women their age, and Del’s narration implies this is heavily influenced by Naomi’s upbringing. For example, Del initially characterizes Naomi as being complacent when they are at the library: “It was the opposite with Naomi; so many books weighed on her, making her feel oppressed and suspicious. This was the normal thing in Jubilee” (131). Rather than reading, Naomi spends her time preparing for marriage and adulthood, because she finds these matters practical and in alignment with what she wants out of life. Despite their differences, Naomi—who undergoes her own coming-of-age process—and Del depend on each other to understand the world around them as they develop physically and emotionally. They compare knowledge of sex and what it means to have a crush on a boy. Naomi functions as a tool for Del to explore different ways of approaching womanhood.
Naomi’s decision to take a job after school while preparing herself for marriage and motherhood allows her to feel secure and comfortable, contrasting greatly with Del’s views. When Naomi takes the job at the creamery, Del expects Naomi to have the same demeanor as she did in school. However, the image of Naomi with “coral” nails and “wearing a pink and green plaid skirt and pink sweater” indicates that Naomi has embraced her new role (196). This creates tension between the girls while also illustrating how they diverge in their perspectives. Naomi also serves as an example to Del that there are a variety of ways to approach life. When they reconnect at the end of “Baptizing,” Naomi helps Del overcome her judgments about Naomi’s life choices as they find common ground in their found womanhood.
Art Chamberlain serves as an antagonist in the book, even if Del is not aware of his status as such. Del defines Art—who works at a local radio station—as having “a fine professional voice” that sounds like “dark chocolate flowing in and out of the organ music on the Sunday afternoon program” (163). With this description, Art appears to be charming and charismatic, someone who induces comfort and security in those in Jubilee. Del’s description hints at her attraction to him.
Art Chamberlain—initially via his relationship with Fern, the boarder who lives with Ada—functions as an outlet for Del to explore sexuality as a curious high school first-year student before she fully understands sex. After Art touches Del’s breast, she defines “his hand” as being “different from anything he had previously shown about himself” (178). While Del does not recognize, at the time, that Art is taking advantage of her naivete or committing sexual assault, her reflective tone implies her realization that he uses his voice to create a persona of respectability and intrigue, but that he is willing to disobey societal norms as well as the lines surrounding sexual consent and power imbalances. As one of the few men who has a pivotal role in Del’s development, Art serves as a space—albeit an exploitative one—for Del to explore relationships between men and women as she progresses into relationships with men closer to her age, such as Jeff Storey and Garnet French.



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