66 pages 2-hour read

Oil and Marble: A Novel of Leonardo and Michelangelo

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2016

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Part 5Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 5: “1503”

Part 5, Chapter 21 Summary: “Leonardo, Winter, Rome”

Leonardo watches Pope Alexander VI perform mass at the Sistine Chapel. Cesare Borgia kneels at the pope’s feet, dressed in a black cape, “begging for forgiveness for his wartime sins” (180). Leonardo studies the frescoes on the chapel wall, painted 20 years earlier by Florence’s renowned artists. Leonardo still resents that Lorenzo de’ Medici didn’t suggest him for this project. While noting his influence on the part of the painting attributed to Pietro Perugino, Leonardo laments that Perugino never finished the project for which he borrowed Leonardo’s portrayal of “controlled chaos.” After the mass, Leonardo enters St. Peter’s Basilica through a secret door to examine Michelangelo’s Pieta. Realizing that Michelangelo is a genius and worthy rival, he resigns his position and sets off for Florence. He resolves not to miss another opportunity to assert his artistic talent.

Part 5, Chapter 22 Summary: “Michelangelo, Spring, Florence”

As Michelangelo dissects another corpse to inform his work on the David, he’s distracted and senses that someone else is in the morgue. Leonardo reveals himself, and Michelangelo notices how much his rival has aged in the past year. Leonardo speaks about how Michelangelo’s frenzied artistic drive taught him about the “urgency of doing” (187). He reveals that he knows all about the morgue, having dissected bodies there himself long before Michelangelo did. Then, Leonardo rushes out, locking the door behind him. Locked inside the morgue, Michelangelo fears what might happen if he were found next to a dissected corpse. Desperate, he chisels a rock free from the wall and pushes his way through the wet mud to the outside. When he discovers a human bone, he realizes that he passed through a grave during his escape.

Part 5, Chapter 23 Summary: “Leonardo”

Leonardo insists that he never planned to lock Michelangelo in the morgue. He jokes about it with Salaì, who spent the last year living with the friars of Santissima Annunziata. Salaì looks thinner, and his clothes are tattered, but Leonardo appreciates his “fine features and expectant brown eyes” (191). Leonardo hid his identity when he returned to the city, he explains, as he wanted to know whether people still thought of him as a traitor. Salaì reveals, however, that the Florentines don’t talk about Leonardo but about Michelangelo. Leonardo wants to find a patron to help him “rebuild [his] reputation” (192). First, he says, he’ll paint a portrait of the silk merchant’s wife, Madonna Lisa Giocondo, and then he’ll seek a project that will restore him to glory and make people forget about Michelangelo. He visits Giocondo, the silk merchant, and, by manipulating the man’s ego, secures a high price for the portrait.


He begins the portrait and arranges for Mona Lisa to sit before him. He’s “nervous” to meet her again. When she enters the room, however, she seems perturbed. Giocondo suggests that she isn’t feeling well, but Leonardo asks to speak to her in private to convince her to sit for the painting. Even though it’s improper, Giocondo agrees to leave his wife alone with Leonardo. Mona Lisa refuses to speak or even look at Leonardo, who questions her about how well she seems to know him. In particular, he’s still haunted by how she knew his profound, secret desire to fly. Eventually, she says she blames him for betraying Florence—for using the genius that she so respected to devise ways to attack Florence. She leaves, telling Michelangelo to paint her from memory, since no one will ever truly see her likeness in the painting. They’ll only recognize Leonardo’s brushstrokes, she says, just as her husband will only see what he wants to see. Leonardo promises to start the portrait. Later, he visits Machiavelli’s office and calls in a favor, asking for an opportunity to work on the defense of Florence to make up for his supposed betrayal.

Part 5, Chapter 24 Summary: “Michelangelo, August, Florence”

As Michelangelo continues to carve his sculpture, his body becomes “one with the stone” (202). Buonarroto interrupts him, saying that all Florentines are summoned to the piazza. Michelangelo joins the crowd to hear the announcement: The pope is dead. Michelangelo knows that not even grief over the pope’s death will bring his father to forgive him. Maria, the young girl whom Buonarroto wants to marry, sings a tearful lament. Michelangelo wonders what the election of a new pope might mean for Florence and himself, though he knows that the election process is mired in corruption. Cesare Borgia, the son of the late pope, may now be even less restrained.

Part 5, Chapter 25 Summary: “Leonardo, Autumn, Florence”

Mona Lisa still refuses to sit for the portrait, so Leonardo spies on her from afar, telling her that he’s doing so purely for the commission. As he watches her pray in her family chapel, Machiavelli approaches him. He has done as Leonardo asks and assures him that this isn’t a trap. Machiavelli reveals that Borgia is using his armies to threaten the College of Cardinals, demanding that they elect another Borgia as pope. Machiavelli says Soderini worries that if the next pope backs Borgia, “Florence will fall” (207). As such, the council is willing to return to Leonardo’s innovative ideas to bolster the city’s defenses if Leonardo also paints a fresco (inside the largest gathering hall in the Palazzo della Signoria) of Florence’s victory at the Battle of Anghiari. When Leonardo turns around, Mona Lisa is gone.


The College of Cardinals elects Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini, a Borgia supporter, as pope, and Leonardo receives a large sum and lodgings to begin his defense plans and paint his fresco. His plans for the city’s defense involve diverting the River Arno, which runs through Florence. One day, while on the banks of the Arno, he spots Mona Lisa. He approaches her, studying her features. She’s interested in his project, so he takes her on a tour of the site. By damming the river, he explains, he can divert the water around the enemy city of Pisa, thus depriving them of their vital waterway. She’s pleased that he’s now a “hero” rather than a traitor, and she invites him to visit her the following day to paint her portrait.

Part 5, Chapter 26 Summary: “Michelangelo”

Michelangelo dreams about his statue until Granacci wakes him. No one has seen the statue in months, and Granacci is awed by what Michelangelo has produced, though months of polishing remain. Michelangelo worked so hard on the statue that he made himself sick, so Granacci helps him. In addition, Granacci reveals that the new pope died after only three and a half weeks in the position. Muttering a quick prayer, Granacci notes that “some say he was poisoned” (216). No one knows what Borgia and his army will do next. Granacci tries to carry Michelangelo out of the studio in search of help, but Michelangelo fights back. He doesn’t want to be separated from the statue. He falls unconscious.

Part 5, Chapter 27 Summary: “Leonardo”

Mona Lisa sits for Leonardo. Any “real conversation” between them comes only when they’re left alone. When the servants exit the room momentarily, she asks Leonardo about Michelangelo’s health problems. Rumors suggest that Leonardo may be asked to finish the statue if Michelangelo doesn’t recover. Leonardo talks about how he chose the same model for both Jesus and Judas in his fresco The Last Supper because Leonardo barely recognized the man after “drink and sin destroyed him” (220), which made him the ideal choice for Judas. The effect of sin, he suggests, may likewise affect the Church if, as rumored, the newly elected Pope Julius poisoned his predecessor. He sits beside her, showing her his sketches, and tells her that she possesses a “spark of brilliance” (221), just like him. They also share an outsider status, he says. When they discuss impossible ambitions and his dream of flying, Leonardo steps back. He warns that he shouldn’t get too close to his subjects, lest he create a “dangerous bias” and lose his objectivity. Then, the maid returns.

Part 5, Chapter 28 Summary: “Michelangelo, December, Florence”

Michelangelo wakes to the sound of his father’s cries. Lodovico blames himself for his son’s sickness. When they see that Michelangelo is conscious, Lodovico and Buonarroto are encouraged. They tell Michelangelo that he spent three weeks in a hospital. He remembers little more than his terrible dreams, in which he smashed his statue. For the first time, Michelangelo can detect “a father’s love” (225) in Lodovico’s words as he’s invited to return home. Michelangelo recovers over the following days. He learns that Giovansimone has banded together with friends to form a rough militia to fight Borgia’s army, should it march on Florence. Lodovico insists that Michelangelo not kill himself with work, especially for a sinfully nude statue. Michelangelo defends his statue as a celebration of God’s creation. Before Michelangelo can return home, however, Giovansimone and his friends inadvertently burn the house down. Standing before the ruins, Michelangelo decides that he must walk away from his art.

Part 5, Chapter 29 Summary: “Leonardo”

Leonardo thinks about “loss and renewal” (228) and the news that Michelangelo abandoned his statue. He thinks of Mona Lisa as “a burned-down house” (228) and wishes that he could rebuild her. He detects an immense potential within her, believing that she’s “desperate to be seen” (229), and wants to give her what she wants. Picking up his oil paints, he thinks about the palette of colors he might use to paint her and has a simple yet profound idea. He picks a small panel for the portrait, which will differ from most others of its type. While most portraits of Italian women are “symbolic representations of the Virgin Mary” (231), this one will be simpler. He’ll forgo the usual jewels, adornments, and physical symbols that identify the subject, portraying Mona Lisa in her mysterious glory. He works on the composition and begins to paint with his smallest brush so that viewers won’t notice his strokes. He wants “the world to focus on her” (232).

Part 5 Analysis

Leonardo returns to Florence, intending to rebuild his reputation. Through his charisma and by playing on his fame, he convinces Giocondo to pay a high price for a portrait of his wife. Even when Leonardo is attempting to secure a conversation with a woman who enthralls him, he thinks first of finances. The large commission threatens to rebound on him, however, when Mona Lisa refuses to talk to him. He hoped that the portrait would grant him the opportunity to find out why she alone seems to understand him and his desires, only to discover that she’s furious with him. In this way, the novel uses Mona Lisa as a bellwether for public opinion. Leonardo arrogantly believed that he could return to Florence and immediately resume his career without any concerns. The large commission he secured from Giocondo indicated that he was right. Mona Lisa’s fury, however, shows that many people remember his decision to work with Florence’s enemies and won’t be quick to forgive him, highlighting the importance of civic loyalty and alluding to the theme of Patriotism, Family, and Duty. Leonardo is chastened by the realization that not everyone is as cynically self-interested as himself and pained by the sudden understanding that the woman who seemed to best understand him now condemns him for being himself. Through Mona Lisa, Leonardo receives the first shock to his ego and recognizes the need to atone for his mistakes. When his civic actions earn her respect and he can talk to her, however, he feels even more drawn to her, and another theme, The Need for Objectivity, emerges as he remembers the danger of imposing himself on his artwork.


As Leonardo pays the price for his cynical decisions, Michelangelo pays the price for his devotion. One reason for the stark aesthetic difference between Leonardo and Michelangelo is the former’s relaxed approach to creation. Leonardo is happy to drag commissions out as long as possible, using the backing from one project to finance his experiments. However, Michelangelo can’t think in this way. He devotes himself so completely and so relentlessly to his sculpture that he works himself into illness. Though Michelangelo is relieved to finally understand his stone, the carving process renders him sick. He pays a physical price for his art and then pays an emotional price by being so close to finishing yet being physically unable to do so. The emotional toll of his artwork is further evident when his family takes him back, alluding to the often-opposing pulls of familial and civic responsibilities. Michelangelo’s family helps nurse him back to health, but in return, he feels a duty to them to give up his art. When their house burns down, he renounces the sculpture to rebuild the family home and thereby repay his family for their help. The same romantic view of chance and circumstance that convinced Michelangelo that his destiny was to carve the David statue now nearly convinces him to give it up. He pays the ultimate price for his romantic view of art, almost giving up the thing he loves most to help a family whose loyalty to him is questionable.


Circumstances beyond Leonardo and Michelangelo’s control underscore the sense of their being at the whim of fate. While both would rather focus on their art, they can’t ignore how politics govern their lives. The dying of popes and the election of new popes complicates the artistic process, which neither Leonardo nor Michelangelo can comprehend. Michelangelo feels the need to finish his statue as soon as possible, and Leonardo faces the residual guilt of aiding the bloodthirsty illegitimate son of a dead pope, but the people of Florence realize that there is more to their world than art. Leonardo and Michelangelo can create whatever they want, but their works are always beholden to events beyond their control. The papal cycle and the public anxiety it causes illustrate the limited nature of the stakes at play in this artistic rivalry. Michelangelo and Leonardo may move people to emotion through their work, but—in a broader political and historical sense—their authority and influence are limited.

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