63 pages 2-hour read

Our Mutual Friend

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1865

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Book 1, Chapters 9-17Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Book 1, Chapter 9 Summary: “Mr. and Mrs. Boffin in Consultation”

When Boffin reaches his house, he talks to his wife about the meeting with the lawyer. She would like to offer their current house for rent and move somewhere nicer, possibly taking Bella Wilfer to live with them. They believe that they should “act up” to the fortune that they have inherited. The Boffins have discussed the option of adopting a parentless child as a way to pay tribute to the now-deceased John Harmon. Acting on this idea, they visit a clergyman named Frank Milvey and explain their plan. He offers to put together a list of suitable children. Afterward, the Boffins visit the Wilfer house and discuss their plans with Bella. They invite her to move into a new house with them, and she accepts. They also talk about their “mutual friend,” Rokesmith.

Book 1, Chapter 10 Summary: “A Marriage Contract”

Sophronia Akershem and Alfred Lammle, both recent guests of the Veneerings, have gotten engaged. To talk about this wedding, Twemlow dines with the Veneerings and Podsnap.


The wedding itself is a lavish affair, but during the honeymoon, the couple discovers that neither of them actually has any money. They are horrified, having been tricked by the Veneerings into believing that they would each be benefiting financially from the marriage. They keep their unhappiness a secret and plot revenge against the Veneerings while also devising schemes to make money.

Book 1, Chapter 11 Summary: “Podsnappery”

When Georgiana Podsnap turns 18, her parents throw a birthday party for her. The Veneerings and the Lammles are invited and listen to the very patriotic Podsnap talk about the glories of the British Empire. Veneering talks about the Harmon estate, which Boffin has inherited. He has since earned the nickname the “Golden Dustman” due to the vast dust heaps that made Harmon’s fortune and on which Boffin once worked. Veneering also mentions that Bella’s father works for the Veneering family firm. During the party, Mrs. Lammle talks to Georgiana, who confesses that her shyness means that she is not good at parties. Podsnap argues with another guest about the plight of the poor in London. As he leaves with his wife, Lammle encourages her to continue befriending Georgiana as part of their plot to make money.

Book 1, Chapter 12 Summary: “The Sweat of an Honest Man’s Brow”

Eugene and Mortimer share a rented cottage during the summer months. Over the course of dinner, Eugene mentions that his “respected father” has selected a wife for him. This displeases Eugene, who refuses to meet this woman. A man interrupts the dinner, claiming that he wishes to make a statement to Mortimer regarding Harmon’s murder. He introduces himself as a “waterside character” named Rogue Riderhood and claims that Hexam murdered John Harmon. The lawyers probe him, and he discusses his past dealings with Hexam. Lizzie, he says, will contradict his story to protect her father. Mortimer asks for proof, and Riderhood claims that Hexam confessed to him on the night that the body was found. Since then, Riderhood claims, he has been unsure of how to proceed, but the reward has prompted him to come forward.


The lawyers do not trust Riderhood but agree to take him to the police station, as they also distrust Hexam. Riderhood takes them to the Six Jolly Fellowship-Porters and then to Hexam’s home, where only Lizzie is present. At the police station, they submit the confession to the police inspector, who suggests that he wait in the pub with the lawyers while Riderhood keeps watch on the Hexam home. When alone with the lawyers, the inspector admits that he suspects that Riderhood is implicated in the murder somehow.

Book 1, Chapter 13 Summary: “Tracking the Bird of Prey”

The lawyers wait with the inspector at the pub. Mortimer and Eugene voice their concerns for Lizzie if her father is arrested. The inspector eventually joins Riderhood on his watch while the lawyers stay in the pub. Eugene briefly joins the two observers, seeing Lizzie in her house as she waits for her father’s return. Eventually, all four men are watching the house. Riderhood suggests that he should use his own boat to venture out to find Hexam. When he returns, he says that Hexam’s boat was floating alone on the river.

Book 1, Chapter 14 Summary: “The Bird of Prey Brought Down”

The lawyers and the inspector examine Hexam’s empty boat, dragging it to the shore. They find that Hexam’s corpse is tied to the boat, and the inspector suggests that he may accidently have fallen in the river. Mortimer loses Eugene, so he decides to return to the cottage. The next day, he sees Eugene, who claims to have gone for “a walk” the previous evening.

Book 1, Chapter 15 Summary: “Two New Servants”

The Boffins examine “disordered papers” regarding their recent inheritance. Rokesmith arrives, following up on his offer to work for them. When he shows them how useful he could be, he is hired. Boffin explains his plan to move into a new, nicer house that has been personally recommended by his “literary man,” Silas Wegg. He instructs Rokesmith to begin the process for this move. The Boffins walk Rokesmith around their house, talking about their fond recollections of the Harmon children.


Silas comes to the house to read to Boffin, who has recently been worried that he is not treating Silas properly. When he moves into his new house, he says, Silas should look after the Bower and give up his stall. Silas agrees; he has been angling for this job for a long time but has allowed Boffin to feel as though he came up with the idea. Mrs. Boffin interrupts the evening’s reading with talk of ghosts of the Harmon family. She cannot be comforted.

Book 1, Chapter 16 Summary: “Minders and Reminders”

Rokesmith begins working on the Boffins’ affairs, showing intricate knowledge of the Harmon will. This does not worry Boffin, though he notes that Rokesmith refuses to work with the Boffins’ lawyer, Mortimer Lightwood. Meanwhile, with Hexam dead, Mortimer is confounded in his mission to obtain more information about John Harmon’s death. He would like to speak to Julius Handford but cannot locate him. He places an advertisement but receives no response.


Rokesmith also helps Mrs. Boffin find a suitable orphan to adopt. He goes with her to meet an orphan suggested by Reverend Milvey. The orphan, Johnny, is currently under the care of Betty Higden, who is also caring for Toddles and Poddles. She is helped by a boy named Sloppy. She fears the workhouse more than anything else. On hearing Mrs. Boffin’s talk of adoption, she is thrilled about the better life Johnny will have but is loath to lose him. Mrs. Boffin gives her time to think.


Later, Rokesmith meets Bella while she is out for a walk. She will be able to move into the Boffins’ house in two weeks, he tells her, revealing his new role. He believes that, with a bit of effort, Bella could convince the Boffins to give her a large part of the inheritance that she was meant to receive. When she seems to react to this with “a certain ambitious triumph” (206), he is disappointed.

Book 1, Chapter 17 Summary: “A Dismal Swamp”

Eventually, the Boffins move into their new home. Many people swarm around the newly rich couple, hoping to take advantage of them. These opportunistic people include the Veneerings, the Podsnaps, a client of Mortimer’s named Lady Tippins, and Twemlow. Rokesmith works hard to protect his employers while Silas moves into the Bower, the Boffins’ old home, and spends many hours searching all over the house, apparently looking for something.

Book 1, Chapters 9-17 Analysis

Since the Boffins have no children of their own and since they feel so guilty about the Harmon children’s suffering, they want to use their newfound wealth to improve a young child’s life. Their search for the “right” orphan becomes a complicated process, however, which reveals poverty to be a systemic rather than an individual problem. The Boffins can help one person, but there are plenty more young, helpless children who are suffering through no fault of their own. They have been born into poverty, and without parents, they are forced to depend on charitable individuals like Betty or questionable institutions like workhouses. The Boffins’ efforts to help these children one at a time, though well-meaning, are the mirror image of Podsnap’s claims that poverty stems from personal failings. Neither approach to poverty will resolve it because the diagnosis is fundamentally incorrect. Instead, Dickens suggests, society itself must acknowledge and redress the problem of The Rigidity of Social Class. As shown in the novel, however, society is unwilling to even recognize poverty as a social issue; pressed on the matter, Podsnap remarks, “I must decline to pursue this painful discussion. […] I have said that I do not admit these things [poverty]. […] [I]t is not for me to impugn the workings of Providence” (141).


Despite the contempt of the wealthy for the poor and working classes, a deluge of letters arrives on the Boffins’ doorstep once they become rich. Rokesmith goes through these letters, many of which come from wealthy people or the organizations of wealthy people. The letters are petitions, which the novel frames as an upmarket form of begging—the very thing people like Podsnap disparage in the lower classes. Rokesmith must cast out the majority of these letters, but the speed and volume of the correspondence hints at a shadow class of society, in which the seemingly wealthy depend on charity and donations just as much as the poor people they revile. This develops the theme of The Tension Between Poverty and Dignity; the need (or merely desire) for money prompts many of the novel’s characters to abandon any sense of integrity, debasing themselves at best and preying on others at worst.


The plight of the Lammles in particular reveals the hypocrisy at the heart of upper-middle-class Victorian society. The Lammles are introduced via the Veneerings, whose name hints at the shallowness of the circles in which they move. As part of this world, the Lammles, who have effectively no money, nevertheless still operate as and think of themselves as belonging to an elite. They refuse to entertain the possibility of working to pay for their living expenses, instead launching a wave of ambitious schemes to scam other people out of money. The Lammles satirize the British class system, in which “respectable” people would rather commit crimes than work, while also demonstrating the complete disconnect between material wealth and social class. Without a penny to their names, the Lammles still consider themselves to be above every working-class character in the novel. Their actions, however, demonstrate that they lack the moral compass that many of their supposed social inferiors possess.

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