50 pages 1-hour read

Postmortem

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1990

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Chapters 9-12Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of bullying, gender discrimination, antigay bias, sexual violence, rape, death by suicide, graphic violence, and sexual content.

Chapter 9 Summary

As she drives home from work, Scarpetta thinks that the glittery substance found on all the bodies is essential to identifying the murderer. When she arrives home, the babysitter tells her that Lucy has behaved badly all day. Scarpetta wonders if it is because she took away the modem because she feared that Lucy had been behind the database hack.


She goes to check on Lucy, who is in a petulant mood. She says that Scarpetta is mad at her because Lucy prevented Boltz from sleeping over the other night, but she points out that “Mom sleeps with her boyfriends all the time and I don’t care” (160). After the argument, Scarpetta tells Lucy the reason she took away the internet was because she was concerned Lucy had broken her trust by hacking into the morgue database. Lucy says she did not do it. Scarpetta believes her and apologizes.


Scarpetta calls her mother, Lucy’s grandmother. Her mother reports that Lucy’s mother, Dorothy, has eloped with an illustrator to Nevada, and it is unclear when she will be back. Scarpetta breaks the news to Lucy that she will be staying with her for a while longer. Lucy is upset but eventually falls asleep.


The next morning, Scarpetta is working on an autopsy with her technician, Wingo, who is gay. Marino is there, and Scarpetta is annoyed because Marino makes antigay jabs at the young man. Scarpetta thinks that had she known Wingo was gay when she interviewed him, she might not have hired him because she sees “the worst example of every sort in this place” and associates members of the queer community with crime (169).


Wingo is cleaning out the fridge when he finds a PERK evidence kit labeled with Lori Petersen’s information. Scarpetta is shocked because she is fairly certain she turned over all of Lori’s evidence to the lab. She always keeps the extra, unused printed labels in the case file as part of the record. Scarpetta talks to Betty, the lab technician, who reassures her that the evidence in this PERK does not match the evidence in the PERK Scarpetta turned over a few days ago.


Scarpetta is panicked that this will jeopardize any prosecution if the defense learns there is an error in the evidence collection and a broken chain of custody. She realizes that only she, Amburgey, Tanner, and Boltz had access to the extra labels in the case folder. She checks the folder and sees that some of the extra labels are missing. Marino suggests that they test the evidence to see if her prints are on it.

Chapter 10 Summary

Scarpetta has Vander check the evidence file for prints. The only ones on it are hers. However, they see smudges and something that resembles the glittery substance found on the bodies. They check the talc from Scarpetta’s gloves, but it is not the source of the substance.


Scarpetta wonders if it came from the powdered soap she used in the staff bathroom. They test the powdered soap, and it creates the same glittery effect found on the other evidence. They conduct tests and find that whoever left this glittery residue on the body had to use quite a lot of the soap. The soap is made of borax, which conducts electricity, causing it to react to the laser.


Scarpetta remembers that Boltz and Tanner both handled the case file with the extra labels in it. She wonders if Boltz planted the evidence in the lab to cast doubt on the investigation. She wonders if she did actually forget to turn over evidence.


That evening, Boltz comes over for dinner at Scarpetta’s house. Scarpetta finds herself scrutinizing him. She wonders if his wife really died by suicide. Scarpetta tries to ask him if he took the labels from the case file, but he reacts angrily.


That night, Scarpetta once again gets an anonymous phone call, but no one speaks when she answers the phone.


On Monday morning, Scarpetta tracks down the soap manufacturer, who gives her a list of the 73 clients who order that soap in Richmond, including the Health and Human Services Department and other municipal services. At 3:00 pm, Marino calls to tell her another body has been found.

Chapter 11 Summary

Scarpetta arrives at the crime scene near the Virginia Commonwealth University campus. The decedent is Henna Yarborough, and the murder is similar to the others. Marino says the murderer climbed in through the fire escape. As Scarpetta surveys the crime scene, she hears Abby Turnbull yelling at Boltz downstairs. Soon after, Marino comes in with Abby. The victim is her sister.


Marino and Scarpetta question Abby. She says her sister lived with her and taught journalism at the nearby university. Abby had been away in New York for the weekend, and she found her sister’s body when she returned home. Abby says she had been followed the week before by a “redneck” in a car, but the police did not take her report seriously. Marino tells her that it was a police car, sent by him to keep tabs on her movements and find out about the leaks. Abby thinks the murderer was targeting her. Abby says she went to Scarpetta’s house to ask her questions about the case earlier in the week, but she left when she saw Boltz’s car in the driveway.


Abby says she has sources from inside the case that blame Scarpetta’s office for their failure to solve the crime, but she will not reveal those sources. Marino says he thinks the leaks are coming from Boltz, and the computer hacking was done to make it seem as if the leaks came from Scarpetta’s office. Abby says she was not involved in hacking the database.


Marino says he knows Abby spent the night with Boltz at least once. Abby says Boltz drugged her drink over dinner a month ago when she was profiling him, and he raped her. She did not report it because Boltz is a commonwealth’s attorney, and she did not think she would be believed. Scarpetta believes Abby. Abby insists Boltz is not her source inside the investigation.

Chapter 12 Summary

That evening, Scarpetta conducts Henna’s autopsy with Marino observing. She confirms that the murder is similar to the others. When she has finished, she and Marino drive to Abby Turnbull’s house. He points out that there is a “Beware Dog” sign in the yard. He argues that whoever broke in had to know that the sign was merely a precaution and that there was actually no dog in the house.


Marino thinks that Abby was the target because of her reporting on the previous murders, but the murderer did not know her sister was living there. He suspects Boltz might be involved because he had previous run-ins with Abby. He points out that Boltz is a nonsecreter and states that he has suspicions about Boltz’s wife’s death by suicide. Marino says he confronted Boltz about Abby’s rape allegations, and Boltz “more or less” confirmed it (221). Scarpetta admits that she has been having a casual relationship with Boltz. Privately, she thinks that he can be sexually aggressive, especially when he has too much to drink. However, she angrily objects when Marino asks if Boltz ever raped her.


The next day, Scarpetta meets with Marino in her office. He apologizes for pressing her, and she accepts. Scarpetta gives Marino Hanna’s autopsy report. He tells her not to share any evidence with anyone else. After Marino leaves, Wingo comes into her office to ask if Amburgey is a smoker. Scarpetta says that he is anti-smoking, and he plans to have all smoking banned from the public buildings.


Scarpetta meets with forensic psychiatrist Dr. Spiro Fortosis at the University of Virginia. She opens up to him about the anxiety and paranoia she is feeling because of the leaks and the investigation. She thinks she is being set up to take the fall in case the investigation fails to identify the killer, as she is “an easy mark because [she’s] a woman” (237). Dr. Fortosis tells Scarpetta that she should try to find someone she trusts to help her investigate the database hacking.


Scarpetta admits that she wants the murderer to feel pain, in part because she closely relates to Lori, a young female doctor.


Dr. Fortosis thinks that the murderer has an “unusual […] reaction to publicity” in that he does not want to be caught, but he also “thrives on the attention” (237, 238). He thinks that the murderer will be feeling frustrated because his attempt on Abby’s life was his most daring murder yet, but he failed, and it might make him “more vicious.”


Scarpetta is jumpy as she leaves Dr. Fortosis’s office.

Chapters 9-12 Analysis

A key focus of these chapters is the forensic investigation of the murderer. As noted in the Chapters 1-4 Analysis, Postmortem was unique in the detective mystery genre in its time for its detailed descriptions of forensic procedure. For instance, in Chapter 10, Vander and Scarpetta work together to analyze borax as a match for the glittery substance they found on the bodies. The scene offers a realistic portrayal of the “shoe leather” scientific and detective work that is used to solve crimes based on the author’s experience. Scarpetta describes how they conduct “a series of test washings […] over and over again […] until the entire area of the sink looked like Richmond from the air after dark” (181). This is representative of the procedural rigor that Scarpetta believes is essential to solving crimes.


In these chapters, Detective Lieutenant Marino continues to represent the intuition side of the theme of Procedural Rigor Versus Intuition. This approach is likewise highlighted in these chapters. First, Marino uses his intuition to suggest that Vander and Scarpetta test the evidence for fingerprints to potentially learn more about who might have placed it there. While this does not lead to anything definitive on this line of questioning, it does lead to the essential insight about the borax soap. Second, Marino’s intuitive surveillance of Abby leads to their connection with Abby and the revelation of her rape allegation against Boltz. Again, while Marino was not entirely correct about the nature of Abby and Boltz’s relationship, it nevertheless advances the investigation into the leaks to the media about the serial killer.


The majority of Chapter 12 is dedicated to the profile of The Psychology of Serial Killers. As depicted in the novel, criminal profiling is exemplary of the combination of both procedural rigor and intuition. Dr. Fortosis is a forensic psychologist with a scientific understanding of human psychology. Psychology is a “soft science” that, unlike chemistry or physics, requires some level of speculation and human intuition. Fortosis uses both to reach the finding that “there’s a significant link between publicity and the killer’s activity” (234), because the culprit craves attention and validation for his crimes. Both Scarpetta and Marino ultimately accept this finding as scientifically valid. His conclusions are also tacitly confirmed when the killer is apparently motivated to strike again because of the story they plant in the local newspaper and in part because of his desire for domination as a “psychopathic sexual sadist” (239).


This form of criminal profiling was a cutting-edge technology at the time that Postmortem was written. The FBI’s Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU) was established in 1985, although elements of it had existed since 1972. The BAU unit trains and deploys behavioral analysts for criminal investigations, like the fictional Benton Wesley and Dr. Fortosis. It had only been active for about five years when the novel was written, and, at the time, there were high hopes about the possibilities of applying psychiatric insights to criminal investigations. This context helps clarify why the novel accords profiling the same kind of weight as Scarpetta’s forensic material science. However, in the over three decades since publication, there have been significant concerns raised about the efficacy and validity of criminal profiling as a science (see, for example, Ribeiro, Rita, and Cristina Soeiro. “Analysing Criminal Profiling Validity: Underlying Problems and Future Directions.” International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, vol. 24, 2021). Many analyses of the outcomes of criminal profiling suggest that the interpretation of criminal personality and psychopathology varies widely across practitioners and often does not meaningfully contribute to the identification and capture of a subject.


In Chapter 11, the theme of Misogyny and Violence Against Women reemerges through both the murder of Henna and Abby’s account of her violent rape by Bill Boltz. Abby tells Marino and Scarpetta she did not report the rape because, as she states, “Who would believe me if I called and said the Commonwealth’s attorney…he did such a thing? No one!” (212). This revelation illustrates how the exclusion and misogyny of the “good ole boys’ club” contribute to violence against women (72). They use their collective power and assumed respectability to act with impunity. This connection is further strengthened when it is suggested, although never confirmed, that Boltz may have also sexually assaulted Scarpetta herself. Their treatment by Boltz is a microcosm of the misogynistic attitude toward women that creates a permission structure, or a societal acceptance of violence against women like that done to Abby’s sister Henna.

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