38 pages • 1-hour read
Noël CowardA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Thirty-something Elyot Chase is a figure of charm, seduction, and biting wit. He is “quite slim and pleasant looking” (5) and fulfills the archetype of the rake and jokester, with Amanda and Victor repeatedly referring to him as a “cad” (13, 66, 74, 77). At his best, Elyot is the irresistible first love of Amanda’s life, a seductive man whose an irreverent sense of humor, serenades, and sex appeal make him the embodiment of “big romantic stuff” (56) and “chemical what d’you call ’em” (83). At his worst, Elyot is a “damned sadistic bully” (64), whose malice and vanity leads to physical violence and betrayal. Elyot rationalizes that his flaws as the natural obverse of his ardent passions. When he and Amanda resume their habitual arguing, he jokes, “We’re in love all right” (47) and contends, “[T]hat desire [to bicker and fight] will fade, along with our passion” (58). By his logic, love and hate must coexist; his dynamic with Amanda toggles between the two extremes with little in-between.
Elyot also rationalizes his bad behavior with the somewhat disingenuous credo to live life frivolously and laugh in the face of death. This approach is a way to excuse the damage he has caused others and a method of avoidance: He talks his way out of uncomfortable situations by using Flippancy as Social Critique. Elyot reveals his nonchalance as a façade when he repeatedly criticizes Amanda’s behavior but refuses to acknowledge his hurt feelings, since admitting vulnerability would give her the upper hand. With his verbal posturing as a defense mechanism, Elyot’s genuine feelings are hard to determine; sometimes even he doesn’t know how he feels. When Victor asks about Elyot’s intentions with Amanda, Elyot responds, “(suddenly serious) I don’t know, I don’t care” (77). In a rare moment of transparency, Elyot admits that his inappropriate levity is a defense mechanism to “cover a very real embarrassment” (72). However, true to his biting wit, Elyot’s comment comes off as a jab against Victor’s inability to grasp subtext rather than a confession.
Noël Coward wrote the character of Elyot for himself, starring as Elyot in the original runs of Private Lives in London and New York. Like many of Coward’s male protagonists, Elyot is an author surrogate whose louche and flamboyant decadence mirrors Coward’s own stylized persona as the quintessential modern dandy.
Amanda Prynne is an intelligent, savvy, and alluring woman who matches Elyot’s wit and fearlessness and fulfills the archetype of the free spirit and vixen. She is “quite exquisite with a gay face and a perfect figure” (12), which suggests her physical attractiveness lets her get away with bad behavior. She first appears dressed in an elegant nightgown and captures Victor’s appreciative gaze: “God! […] You look wonderful” (12). Amanda is strong-willed and says what she thinks, even when her remarks are hurtful and insensitive. When Victor seeks reassurances on their honeymoon, Amanda responds dismissively. She doesn’t remember if she loves Victor more than Elyot because “it’s such a long time ago” (12), and she describes the party where she first met Victor as “completely commonplace” (16). The contrast between Amanda’s sleek appearance and callousness contributes to the play’s satire on the superficialities of the upper class.
Despite their constant battles, Amanda and Elyot are not a case of opposites attracting or a couple with irreconcilable differences. If anything, the two selfish and petty lovers are made for each other and are partners in crime. Coward based the bickering leads on his own friendship with actor Gertrude Lawrence, for whom he wrote the role of Amanda. He considered the characters almost identical: “‘Elyot’ and ‘Amanda’ are practically synonymous” (Coward, Noël. Present Indicative: The First Autobiography of Noël Coward, 1937, Methuen Drama, 2008). Like Elyot, Amanda considers love and hate necessary for one another. Recalling their stormy relationship, Amanda contends that the former causes the latter: “Selfishness, cruelty, hatred, possessiveness, petty jealousy. All those qualities came out in us just because we loved each other. […] it’s love that does it” (34-35). Also, like Elyot, she evades confrontation with a similar air of nonchalance. Instead of flippancy, Amanda performs a lofty detachment about her flaws; in uncomfortable situations, she deflects responsibility with poised indifference.
Unlike Elyot, Amanda sometimes tells the truth and feels guilt. This may be motivated by the fact that as a woman, she faces more consequences than Elyot for extramarital misadventures. Unlike Elyot with Sibyl, Amanda is honest with Victor, admitting that she wants to leave the hotel because of her ex-husband’s presence, and in the final confrontation, acknowledging that she has “behaved badly” (81) and apologizing. Yet in other situations, Amanda is defiantly unapologetic, particularly regarding gender double standards and her own sexual desires. Amanda’s internal conflict is that she feels she is “unreliable” (18), immoral, and has internalized the stigma of The Defiance of Rigid Gender Roles. It is significant that her last name is an allusion to the iconic archetype of the adulteress, the literary heroine Hester Prynne of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter (1850).
Twenty-three-year-old Sibyl Chase is Elyot’s naïve and insecure second wife. Sibyl is enchanted with marriage and eager to please her new husband. She often asks for kisses, and her habit of “slipping her arm through his” (5, 10) suggests that she clings to him for reassurance. Sibyl represents traditional femininity, as evident in her offer to join Elyot at the casino as an accessory: “I shall come and sit just behind your chair and bring you luck” (12), she offers, volunteering to be a decorative object in the masculine sphere of the gambling table. Described as “very pretty and blonde, and smartly dressed” (5), Sibyl represents the archetype of the ingénue and serves as a foil for Amanda, the older, jaded divorcee. Elyot confirms that he doesn’t expect much from Sibyl and describes her to Amanda as “[f]air, very pretty, plays the piano beautifully” (31).
Sibyl’s name is ironic; in ancient Greece, sibyls were female oracles who embodied wisdom and foresight. By contrast, Sibyl Chase has superficial views on marriage, love, and gender. She is content with her “pleasant-looking,” rich husband and a view of a yacht from a fine hotel; these are enough for her to be “so happy” (5). Sibyl’s nickname for Elyot is also ironic: “Elli” (5) is an affectionate diminutive that signifies sweetness and familiarity, which means Sibyl has yet to discover how distant and cruel Elyot can be.
Sibyl believes she is nothing like Elyot’s ex-wife, but to the cynical Elyot, Sibyl has the potential to be just as conniving as Amanda. Elyot teases that he notices her “watching [him] carefully like a little sharp-eyed, blonde kitten” (10), implying that she will one day expose her lacerating claws. Sibyl thus exposes Elyot’s misogyny, as he often makes blanket statements about women’s connivance and vanity aimed in her direction. Primarily a flat character, Sibyl represents the vacuity and petulance of the upper-class. Coward described Sibyl and Victor as “a couple of extra puppets thrown in to assist the plot and to provide contrast […] These poor things, are little better than ninepins, lightly wooden, and only there at all to be repeatedly knocked down and stood up again” (Griffiths, Trevor R. Romantic Comedy, 2022, p. 131). Yet Sibyl’s comically drastic transformation at the end of the play is more than a plot device to land the punchline: It cements Coward’s point about the ubiquity of toxic relationships, as she enacts the ingénue’s journey from innocence to experience.
Victor Prynne, Amanda’s stodgily upright and conventional second husband, fulfills the archetype of the conformist and aristocrat. He is “quite nice looking, about thirty or thirty-five”; when he enters, he “sniffs the air, looks at the view, and then turns back to the window” (12). Victor represents the self-righteousness of the upper-class, so the image of his nose in the air connotes a judgmental and snobbish personality. He is a model of emotional stability and stasis, which in Amanda’s eyes are the death knell of romance and passion. When Amanda insults him on the terrace, Victor’s reactions are measured. His parentheticals show him reacting “calmly,” “with gentle firmness,” and “with great dignity” (28)—all morally superior tones that aggravate Amanda further.
Like Sibyl, Victor is as a flat character, and his pride in being “normal” (18) reflects the constraints of traditional gender roles. As Elyot’s foil, he is a stuffy partner who lacks the spontaneity, fun, and humor that Elyot, at his best, offers. To Amanda, Victor is “a pompous ass,” and she despises his “rugged grandeur” (28), a reference to his patronizing self-conception as her masculine protector. Victor is Sibyl’s complement, as both share old-fashioned attitudes about gender, which include even petty quibbles like the idea that tanning is unsuitable for women. Like Sibyl, who is content to sit behind Elyot at the casino, Victor values a woman’s appearance over her personality and is appalled when Amanda wishes to gamble at “the big table” (16). He disapproves of her progressive ideas, admitting that they “scare” him (17). Instead, he praises Amanda’s appearance in her gown, valuing only the surface appeal that makes her look “[l]ike a beautiful advertisement for something” (12). Victor is superficial and doesn’t bother to name even the vague “something” that Amanda could be selling. In a comic twist, he ends up with buyer’s remorse.
In Act 3, Victor has the important role in distilling the other characters’ internal conflicts in one-on-one scenes. At his most earnest, Victor wants to establish clarity and closure for all those involved by encouraging Sibyl to stay and settle her affairs and asking if Elyot and Amanda truly love each other. Yet, like the titular character in Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest (1895), Victor’s desire for order has little depth beyond the performance of moral uprightness. He ends up insulting and blaming Sibyl for her situation, and contradictorily claims to Amanda, “I can’t go away and leave you with a man who drinks, and knocks you about” (83-84) while insisting to Elyot, “You’ve got to marry her” (78). In the concluding scene, the cracks in Victor’s façade are on full display, and he transforms from Elyot’s foil to his double.



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