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Content Warning: This section of the guide features discussion of gender discrimination, emotional abuse, sexual violence, and illness.
Eccles visits Rabbit’s mother, Mary, in her dark, cramped kitchen while she does laundry by hand. Mary declares she has no control over her son and that he has not visited her. She expresses intense dislike for Janice, recalling how Janice insulted her by suggesting she buy a washing machine. Eccles defends Janice as shy, but Mary denies this, believing Janice trapped Harry into their marriage. She offers a cynical view of gender roles, claiming “[m]en are all heart and women are all body” (138).
Rabbit’s father, Earl, arrives home from his work as a printer. The couple begins speaking in unison, blaming the Army for changing Rabbit. Rabbit worked hard at basketball in his youth, but after the Army, he only cared about chasing women. Earl reveals that Rabbit became his enemy the night he abandoned Janice and left her devastated. Mary argues with Earl when he defends his sympathy for Janice, forcing him to suggest that Mary wouldn’t care less if he had done the same thing to her. Nevertheless, Earl predicts that Harry will never return and will become human garbage. Eccles is shocked to see Mary crying silently at the sink. As he leaves, he meets Mim, who he senses is more aligned with her parents’ expectations and has a clearer sense of direction in life.
Eccles then visits Fritz Kruppenbach, the Angstroms’ Lutheran minister, who harshly rebukes Eccles for meddling in parishioners’ lives rather than being an exemplar of faith, filled with the fire of his belief. Kruppenbach asks Eccles to pray with him, but Eccles refuses, too angry. Feeling flagellated, Eccles drives to a drugstore, a secular public space where he feels comfortable, and orders an ice cream soda.
That evening, Rabbit and Ruth go to the Club Castanet, a bar Rabbit distrusts. By this point, the ease has gone out of their relationship, and the phone has begun to scare him. Margaret arrives with Ronnie Harrison, a former basketball teammate of Rabbit’s who is now fat and balding. Harrison insinuates he knows about Rabbit and Ruth living together. The two men trade insults about their high school basketball careers. Harrison claims that Tothero once said Rabbit was not a team player, causing Rabbit to doubt in his idealistic recollection of his youth for the first time.
Harrison reveals that he and Ruth once went to Atlantic City together and tells sexually explicit stories about their companions. Rabbit invents a crude story in retaliation, but Ruth shakes her head disapprovingly, which saddens him. Mim then arrives with a preppy date. When Harrison implies Miriam is promiscuous, Rabbit confronts her, snaps the boy’s tie in his face, and orders Ruth to leave with him.
Walking home, they argue about Ruth’s past. He interrogates her about her sexual history, forcing her to admit that she was previously a sex worker. Back at the apartment, Rabbit demands she perform oral sex on him to prove she is his and break through the wall that has come between them. Feeling trapped, she complies.
Meanwhile, Mrs. Springer calls the Eccles to report that Janice is in labor. Lucy spends two hours trying to locate Jack, growing frightened and resentful of his ministry. When Eccles finally returns home late, having been at the drugstore gossiping with teenagers, he calls Rabbit and tells him the news. Rabbit agrees to go to the hospital to be with her.
Rabbit tells Ruth that he must go but will return. When she fails to respond to him, he grows angry. He threatens not to come back and leaves. After he goes, Ruth sits up crying, then kneels by the toilet feeling nauseous. The sickness feels like a friend to her.
Rabbit runs through the streets to St. Joseph’s Hospital. In the parking lot, he stops and prays to the moon to make everything all right. Inside, he waits with Eccles, consumed by guilt. He is certain his sin will cause Janice or the baby to die. He also becomes convinced the baby will be a monster, conflating his sexual acts with Ruth with the baby’s conception. He loses faith in God and fears that Janice will die. A joyful memory of his first girlfriend, Mary Ann, briefly comforts him.
Mrs. Springer arrives and verbally attacks Rabbit, accusing him of hoping Janice will die. Her words pierce his solitude and make the event feel real. Dr. Crowe, the obstetrician, informs Rabbit he has a healthy six-pound, ten-ounce daughter. To Rabbit’s astonishment, the doctor asks his permission for Mrs. Springer to visit Janice first. Rabbit agrees, feeling that being a father has somehow earned him forgiveness.
Later, Rabbit is led to Janice’s room. Under the influence of ether, she greets him warmly. They have an affectionate reunion, and all of Rabbit’s fear and regret dissolve. A nun ends the visit. Eccles invites Rabbit to spend the night at the rectory. Driving back to Mt. Judge, Rabbit feels as if a clear path has opened before him. He falls into a deep, safe, dreamless sleep.
The next day, Lucy wakes Rabbit to remind him about hospital visiting hours. She makes a sarcastic comment about his clear conscience and reveals that her children call him the “naughty man,” a nickname Jack ascribed to him. Nevertheless, Jack is overjoyed and feels he has finally done something constructive. Rabbit is annoyed at the idea of being managed. Lucy mockingly asks how it feels to be a new man. As he prepares to leave, their eyes meet, and she winks at him.
At the hospital, Rabbit encounters Harriet Tothero, his old coach’s wife. She tells him Tothero is recovering from two strokes, and invites Rabbit to visit. Rabbit is stunned to see Tothero experiencing partial paralysis and muteness. He leaves, feeling defeated.
His visit with Janice is disappointing and strained now that she is no longer under the influence of ether. They argue about his absence, her alcohol intake, and the sex worker with whom Rabbit lived. Janice reveals she has not paid rent for two months and does not know what happened to their furniture. He tries to reconcile with her, and they end up watching a game show together, holding hands in fragile peace.
A nurse takes Rabbit to see his baby at the viewing window. He feels an overwhelming sense of amazement at her beauty and perfection. He reads a delightful hint of disdain in her expression and feels she is distinctly feminine. Overjoyed, he returns to Janice with the idea of naming the baby June. Janice wants to name her after her mother, Rebecca. They compromise on Rebecca June Angstrom.
These chapters explore The Inadequacy of Modern Religion by juxtaposing two ministerial philosophies, neither of which addresses Harry Angstrom’s spiritual crisis. Reverend Eccles embodies a modern, therapeutic approach, viewing his role as a mediator who smooths over social problems. This method is dismissed by the Lutheran minister Fritz Kruppenbach as meddlesome and spiritually vacant. Kruppenbach represents an older, more severe theology that demands ministers be exemplars of faith, “hot with Christ” (147), rather than social workers. His critique is fundamentally ideological, indicting a form of Christianity that has substituted psychological management for divine mystery. The failure of either approach is revealing. Kruppenbach’s absolutism offers no practical guidance, while Eccles’s meddling proves ineffectual. Eccles’s eventual retreat to a drugstore, a secular space, suggests his greater comfort with consumerism than with the faith Kruppenbach champions.
The fragility of Rabbit’s identity, built on past athletic glory, is dismantled, reinforcing the theme of The Trap of Nostalgia. At the Club Castanet, his former teammate Ronnie Harrison directly challenges the heroic narrative Rabbit has constructed. Harrison’s assertion that their coach did not consider Rabbit a team player chips away at the myth of his exceptionalism, reframing his talent as a form of selfishness. This verbal assault on his sense of history mirrors his initial reunion with Tothero, in which he appears as a diminished version of the idealistic authority Rabbit remembers. When Rabbit visits Tothero at the hospital, his stunned reaction speaks to his failure to find any more inspiration from his old mentor. The encounter demonstrates that the past is not a renewable source of vitality but a finite resource that eventually loses its luster.
Rabbit’s attempts to assert control in the face of his dissolving identity reveal a volatile and punitive masculinity. His public embarrassment by Harrison and his discomfort in seeing his sister with a date trigger a need to re-establish dominance. This culminates in his sexual aggression toward Ruth, an act framed as an effort of subjugation. He desires to reclaim the power he feels he has lost, forcing her to perform an act that, in his mind, asserts his ownership of her. His justification, “It’d prove you’re mine” (161), reveals his transactional perspective of their relationship. For Rabbit, sexual intimacy becomes a tool for punishing perceived betrayals and reinforcing his fragile male authority.
The birth of Rabbit’s daughter initiates a cycle of guilt, grace, and regression, illustrating Rabbit’s capacity for transcendent feeling that he fails to integrate into daily life. At the hospital, Rabbit’s guilt manifests as a superstitious fear that his sin will turn the child monstrous. The arrival of a healthy baby girl dissolves this fear and grants him a moment of pure grace, a feeling of absolution that makes the future feel like a “wide straight road” (177). This spiritual clarity, however, is fleeting. It evaporates upon contact with mundane reality: his irritation at being guided by Eccles, his awkward encounter with Lucy, and his strained, argumentative reunion with a sober Janice. This pattern reveals Rabbit’s core conflict: He can access profound spiritual states in moments of crisis, but cannot sustain them against the friction of domestic responsibility and social entanglement.
The event of childbirth functions as a site of both sacred potential and profane reality, with Rabbit’s perception mediated by various barriers. His reunion with Janice while she is under the influence of ether is idyllic and free of conflict. The drug creates a space where affection is possible, unburdened by history or consequence. This contrasts sharply with their later interaction, which is mired in practical arguments about rent and past grievances. Rabbit’s first encounter with his daughter occurs through the filter of a viewing window. This pane of glass allows him to experience the awe of new life without the immediacy of physical contact. He perceives the infant as a perfect, aesthetic object, projecting a distinctly feminine personality onto her and feeling an overwhelming sense of amazement. This moment of pure connection is contingent on distance, as the glass barrier enables his transcendent experience, but also foreshadows his inability to cope with the unfiltered reality of fatherhood.



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