Rape Fantasies

Margaret Atwood

34 pages 1-hour read

Margaret Atwood

Rape Fantasies

Fiction | Short Story | Adult | Published in 1977

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Themes

Conflation of Fantasy and Reality

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussions of rape, sexual violence, sexual content, and gender discrimination. 


The short story revolves around the protagonist Estelle’s so-called rape fantasies to explore the dangers of mistaking sexual fantasy for the reality of sexual violence. At the start of “Rape Fantasies,” Estelle describes the onslaught of magazine articles she’s been reading about rape; in these articles, sexual violence is represented in a seemingly positive manner, as if it were “a vaccine for cancer” (163). Such articles also claim that all women have fantasies of being attacked and violated by sexual predators. Because this messaging conflates harmless private imaginings about sexual pleasure with dangerous public trends of violence against women, Estelle and her compatriots come to regard the issue in a diluted manner. As a result, Estelle is unable to distinguish her own sexual desire from her perpetual terror of being raped. Reality and fantasy blur, disabling Estelle from perceiving true threats to her safety or pursuing sex in healthy, safe contexts. Atwood uses this confusion to critique how patriarchal media misrepresents women’s inner lives, casting them as complicit in their own victimization rather than as individuals navigating genuine fear.


Throughout the majority of the short story, Estelle is preoccupied with imagining a stranger attacking her—hypothetical scenarios that are so prevalent in her mind that she loses her grasp on reality. Using a defensive tone, she argues at the end of the short story that spending so much time thinking about her rape fantasies isn’t a form of worrying, but is “more like figuring out what you should do in an emergency” (170). However, the entire time that Estelle is imagining these violent scenarios, she is never conscious of her surroundings. There is little to no narrative attention to her physicality, setting, or actions in the pages following the lunchroom scene. By omitting these grounding narrative details, Atwood enacts Estelle’s dissociation from reality. She is so lost in her alleged fantasies, that she no longer exists in the real world. She is not engaging with her surroundings but is rather obsessively imagining how innocuous situations might beget dangerous scenarios. Further, because Estelle has learned to regard her fear as fantasy, others see her as frivolous, “a card,” and a “worry wart” (166, 170). The reality of her terror is dismissed as a symptom of her flighty, silly, or dreamy personality. 


Because Estelle feels socially barred from acknowledging or discussing the reality of the sexual violence that defines her world, she is unable to make sense of her sexual fantasies in the privacy of her mind. Rape, her culture has taught her, is merely a woman’s shameful desire to be dominated. For this reason, Estelle poses every imagined attack as a mere daydream rather than as a symptom of the social violence exhibited against her sex. Indeed, she discounts her friends’ and her own “rape fantasies” as invalid. This phenomenon relates to the historical demonization of women’s sexuality and sexual desire. Atwood’s story thus becomes a subtle indictment of how cultural taboos around female sexuality distort women's ability to distinguish between desire, fear, and danger.

Societal Misunderstanding of Rape

In “Rape Fantasies,” Atwood creates a social commentary on how contemporary society blames women for men’s sexual violence against women. Throughout the story, Estelle and her compatriots openly discuss rape—conversations that are inspired by the media’s seeming obsession with the topic. This trend aligns with the 1970s sociopolitical moment in the United States, where women were told to stay at home, avoid going out after dark, avoid going out alone, or only go out in the company of men for protection. While posed as public service announcements interested in protecting women, such messaging (which Estelle and her friends are bombarded with in the short story) invalidated the real violence women faced at the hands of sexual predators. In turn, women were (and continue to be) confused over what constitutes rape and when they are allowed to be afraid. These contradictions help explain the tone of irony, anxiety, and satire that runs through the story, mirroring how women were often expected to police their own behavior without societal accountability for male violence.


Estelle’s anxious narrative tone throughout the short story enacts how her societal context has confused her understanding of sexual violence. In particular, Estelle has been taught that her fear of rape is in fact her repressed desire to be sexually dominated. Further, she’s learned that not all men are sexual predators; men are as human as her and should therefore be treated with kindness and grace. (She repeatedly leaves room in her account for the man’s experience, wondering if men think and feel differently than she does or making room for their fears, insecurities, or discomforts.) This is why she obsessively tries to calculate the best response to being attacked: If she can think of the right thing to say to de-escalate the man, appeal to his humanity, and convince him of her own, she can keep him from raping her. The way she thinks about these notions in the story’s closing paragraph authenticates this notion:


Like, how could a fellow do that to a person he’s just had a long conversation with, once you let them know you’re human you have a life too, I don’t see how they could go ahead with it, right? I mean, I know it happens but I just don’t understand it, that’s the part I really don’t understand (170).


Estelle’s harried internal monologue enacts the fear and shame she holds around the possibility of being raped. She has been taught that it is in her power—and is indeed her responsibility—to keep men from sexually violating her. This pattern of victim blaming augments Estelle’s anxiety, and further confuses her. In this passage, she uses repeated comma splices and repeats the word “understand” more than once—this syntax and diction enacts her state of mind. Her society has taught her one thing about “rape culture” which she can’t make sense of because it doesn’t align with her reality. Atwood captures the emotional toll of internalized rape myths: Even when Estelle is trying to protect herself, she assumes that empathy and personal storytelling can override systemic violence. Her confusion is not a personal failing, but a product of a society that distorts what women are supposed to expect and endure.

Dynamics of Female Discourse

Via Estelle’s conversation with her coworkers about rape and rape fantasies, the short story explores how culture can dictate women’s ability to interact with one another. In the scene where Estelle and her coworkers Chrissy, Darlene, Sondra, and Greta talk about their rape fantasies, their dialogue is driven by the media’s representation of the topic. The women are physically sharing space; they’re eating lunch and playing cards together on their break from work. The scene is innately intimate and communal. However, the women’s conversation is violent, repellant, and divisive. Instead of sharing their fears of sexual violence or their frustrations with the media’s representations of it, the women express embarrassment over their own alleged fantasies. Therefore, Atwood suggests, the media has taught them what they are allowed to talk about and how they are allowed to discuss it. Because the magazine articles and television reports they’ve encountered paint rape as a mere fantasy of domination, the women experience shame, discomfort, disgust, or even giddy delight. This dynamic highlights how patriarchal media actively erodes solidarity among women by framing their fears as titillating rather than valid.


Estelle’s narrative attention to her coworkers’ body language throughout the lunchroom scene enacts how society has taught women to regard each other and to think about sex. For example, when Chrissy first broaches the topic, Sondra’s “head went round like it was on ball bearings” (164). Darlene acts disgusted, insisting she doesn’t want to talk about this while “eating an egg sandwich” (164). The other women chomp nervously on their food with thoughtful expressions, scold each other for going out at night alone, turn their backs to the table to dismiss themselves from the conversation, or interrupt and correct each other. These behaviors convey notions of shock, horror, anxiety, embarrassment, and/or competition. The women feel as if they are discussing something illicit, although they have done nothing wrong. They also behave as if the others’ stories (or fantasies) are upsetting, crude, invalid, or worthy of scorn. Their physical and speech mannerisms convey their fear of discussing issues of sexual violence. The story’s subtext implies that their discomfort is the result of their cultural context; they’ve been taught that sex, desire, rape, and violence are shameful. They thus can’t have a productive discourse about this social issue without minimizing each other or self-flagellating. Atwood uses this discomfort to demonstrate how silence around rape isolates women rather than protecting them, preventing them from supporting one another or speaking truthfully about harm.


The way that Estelle regards and interacts with her coworkers also conveys how her relationships with other women have been impacted by the media. For example, when Darlene says that women should avoid going out after dark and looks at Estelle, or insists she doesn’t have rape fantasies, Estelle privately recalls what she’s read about Darlene in her personnel file. Specifically, she remembers that Darlene is 41 and divorced. This data implies that Estelle sees Darlene as old, pitiful, and lacking in sexual imagination. Later, she dismisses all of her coworkers’ rape fantasies, insisting that they aren’t in fact about rape at all. She is thus trying to assert herself over her peers instead of relating to them about a social issue that’s relevant to the group. The story thus suggests that the culture actively attacks women’s relationships, precluding women from connecting and conversing in healthy and productive ways. This fractured dynamic reinforces how patriarchal systems distort even intimate spaces, turning potential allies into critics and mutual vulnerability into rivalry.

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