48 pages • 1-hour read
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Red Harvest is narrated from the first-person perspective of a professional detective. Despite his role as the narrator, the detective never shares his name with the audience. He remains anonymous throughout the book, offering only patently fake names to anyone he meets. At other times, he operates under the title “the Op,” a reference to his job at the Continental Detective agency. The use of a title rather than a name speaks to the Op’s function in the story. He is a detective; his role is to investigate the crimes rather than to explain the situation to the reader.
The Op embraces his anonymity, which represents the guarded nature of his character. From his first conversations in Personville, the Op lies and misrepresents the truth. He refuses to allow anyone to know exactly what he knows. Anonymity gives him protection. He trusts no one, not even the reader, creating an atmosphere of cynicism and paranoia that permeates the novel.
The Op’s paranoia becomes particularly acute when he realizes that he is beginning to enjoy the violence. He admits to killing people before, but this is the first time that he has “the fever.” The aptly named Poisonville is beginning to affect him by changing his actions and emotions. He is no longer appalled by violence, so he fears that he is being changed into the very forces he is trying to fight against. The Op is worried about being poisoned by Poisonville, which makes him even less willing to share his secrets with anyone.
Though the Op operates in a guarded, secretive fashion, he cannot help but be drawn to Dinah Brand. In a city mired in lies and corruption, she is refreshingly honest about what she wants. Her mercenary attitude appeals to the Op, as he knows exactly when he is being used or manipulated by her. The murder of Dinah is an important moment in his character arc because, for a short time, the Op fears that he might have killed her in a laudanum-fueled frenzy. He has sensed himself changing, so he cannot be completely sure that he is innocent. Rather than succumbing to the corruption, however, her death hardens his attitude. He reaffirms his desire to rid the city of corruption as a way to get revenge for Dinah.
The Op is also shaped by his relationship to power and rules. He is known only by his job title, a reminder that he remains first and foremost an employee. He may be able to delay his reports to his boss, but he knows that he cannot do so forever. As such, the existence of the Old Man is a perpetual limit on his actions. The Op is bound by laws, rules, and regulations in a way that the corrupt men of Personville are not. As such, the plot of the novel can be reduced to a battle between order and chaos. To achieve his goal, the Op acknowledges that he must break several of his company’s rules, but only in service of a greater morality.
At the very end of the novel, after having eliminated the corrupt figures in Personville, the Op leaves the city. He returns to San Francisco and submits himself to his boss’s criticism. He symbolically returns to order and reaffirms his commitment to his moral code, leaving behind the tamed chaos of Personville.
In the murky, deceitful Personville, one person stands out for their honesty. Before he meets her, the Op is warned about Dinah Brand. While few people trust her (or even like her), they agree that her honesty is refreshing. She wants one thing: money. As Robert Albury tells the Op, she is “so thoroughly mercenary, so frankly greedy, that there's nothing disagreeable about it” (26). Noonan echoes this sentiment, referring to Dinah as a “big-league gold-digger.”
In this way, Dinah inverts the misogynistic stereotype of women as interested solely in money. Most women, these men believe, try to hide their true intentions. In being open about this desire, she turns the misogynistic stereotype into an act of honest defiance, building her identity on the foundation of her discrimination. Dinah’s honesty contrasts with the behavior of men like Elihu, who are hiding what they really desire.
Dinah may be honest about her desire but like almost everything and everyone in Personville, she occupies a morally gray area in which nothing is either truly good or bad. Dinah is transactional. Everything she does has a cost, and she wants to be paid. This extends to her morality. She is not above extortion or violence, particularly when it enriches her. She is not above emotional manipulation, but she assures herself that she is honest enough to cut ties with men like Albury as soon as they can no longer offer her what she wants.
Dan Rolff is further evidence of Dinah’s murky morality. He suffers from debilitating tuberculosis, yet Dinah allows her sick friend to stay with her. This is not an act of altruism, however. Rolff is in love with Dinah and she bullies him. For Dinah, physical violence against a man is a way of mirroring the toxic masculine ethos of violence she sees all around her. By hitting Rolff in front of other men, she can assert her strength and power, mistreating him to make herself feel better.
Dinah spends a lot of time with the Op. In him, she sees someone who can protect her and—through means such as advising her which bets to place—enrich her. Dinah tries to comfort the Op with laudanum when he is feeling anxious. When he is unconscious, however, she is swept up again in the battle between criminal men. She is killed accidentally in a scuffle between Reno and Whisper, part of an ongoing feud that she had hoped would enrich her. Reno stabs and kills Dinah. Her death thus reflects The Impacts of Male Violence upon the female population of Personville.
The Op is brought to Personville by Donald Willsson, only for Donald to be killed shortly after his arrival. A short time later, the Op meets Donald’s father, Elihu. In doing so, he receives an introduction to the history of Personville and why the town has become known as “Poisonville.”
Elihu is rude, abrasive, and entitled. For decades, his mining company has made him the most powerful person in the city. To put down a strike, he unleashed the criminals on the city. He could not tolerate the strikers’ challenge to his power, so he turned to the criminal gangs for help. They betrayed him and, as a result, Personville was poisoned by corruption. Elihu resents this power-sharing arrangement with the gangs, not only because it limits his administrative grip on the city but because the uncomfortable alliance threatens his egotistic belief in his own goodness.
Donald had threatened to publish information about the corruption in the city, even if this threatened to implicate his father. With Donald gone, Elihu wants revenge, so seeks to pay tribute to his murdered son by hiring the Op to finish Donald’s mission. Once his pain has subsided, however, and once the Op has identified Donald’s murderer, Elihu reneges on the deal. He tells the Op to return to San Francisco. Just like when he hired the criminals to put down the strikers, Elihu tries to tame the force that he has unleashed. Once again, he is not successful. His punishment is to see his power completely diminished by the forces he has unleashed.
Dan Rolff lives with Dinah Brand. He has tuberculosis and he is self-medicating with laudanum. The Op recognizes this sickness in Rolff, whose pallid demeanor reflects the sickness of the city itself. He is in love with Dinah, though he lacks the financial resources to really attract her attention.
Dinah not only rejects Rolff’s romantic advances, but she also physically abuses him. Due to his illness, he cannot fight back when she hits him. The Op pities Rolff for this, so he believes he can appease his bruised ego by beating him as he would any other man. Rolff is an educated man but even he cannot escape the toxic masculinity that permeates Poisonville. He fights back against the world, using his own violence while seeking revenge, only to end up dead. The tragedy of Rolff’s death is that he is consumed by the chauvinistic violence of Personville before he is consumed by his tuberculosis.



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