64 pages 2-hour read

Rendezvous with Rama

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1973

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Character Analysis

Commander William Norton

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of gender discrimination.


The novel’s protagonist is the commanding officer of the spaceship Endeavour, Commander William Norton. A distinguished serviceman in the field of space exploration, Norton was born and raised in Australia and holds dual citizenship on Earth and Mars. Each of these planets is home to one of Norton’s two families.


The novel traces the restoration of Norton’s sense of wonder in a mysterious universe, thematically exemplifying The Mysteries of the Universe. As a seasoned spaceman in his work and personal lives, he regards interplanetary travel as a natural part of life. He records duplicate messages of his travels for his wives, signaling his disillusionment with the wonders of the solar system. Rama’s arrival presents the first opportunity to rekindle his awe, especially since he has no idea what to expect when he ventures inside Rama.


Some aspects of his mission resemble the archetypical hero’s journey. In Chapter 4, Norton is called to adventure when his ship, the Endeavour, is identified as the closest one to Rama upon its detection. Norton doesn’t refuse the call outright but is reluctant to fulfill it: “A thousand scientists on Earth […] [were] thinking how much better they could do the job. They were probably right” (17). He nevertheless honors his charge as a dutiful officer and leads his crew through Rama’s thresholds. When Norton fires the flare and beholds Rama for the first time, he separates himself from the known world. This sets him on a path that restores his sense of wonder as he witnesses more of Rama in action. Later, when Norton learns of Rama’s imminent destruction, he chooses to act against his loyalty to the United Planets by authorizing a mission to sabotage the Hermian missile. This turning point represents his apotheosis as he declares that “survival is not everything” (234), contrary to the Hermians’ imperative of self-preservation. In the final chapters, Norton becomes reluctant to abandon Rama as it plunges toward the sun. This represents his refusal to return, which he’s forced to complete for the good of his crew. As the last person to cross the return threshold, he’s forever affected by what he has seen. Despite the promise of a long leave, during which he’ll welcome the birth of a new son, Norton believes that he’ll be “haunted by a sense of anticlimax, and the knowledge of opportunities missed” (274).


Norton frequently compares himself to historical explorers to embolden himself throughout his mission. Before he crosses the Hub of Rama for the first time, he’s reminded of Egyptologist Howard Carter and his discovery of King Tutankhamen’s tomb. More prominently, Norton invokes the name of Captain James Cook, the British explorer who completed the first European voyage to Australia and Hawaii. The stories of Cook’s journeys, including the fatal voyage that led to his death, remind Norton to think carefully about how his actions could impact human-Raman relations.

James “Jimmy” Pak

A secondary protagonist, who features in a major subplot set on the southern continent of Rama, is Jimmy Pak. He’s a junior officer on the Endeavour, and his style contrasts with Norton’s: While Norton is authoritative, distinguished, and experienced, Jimmy is young, brash, and willing to flaunt the rules.


Before the mission to Rama, Jimmy was a professional athlete who competed at the Lunar Olympics. His experiences with low-gravity flight drove his interest in developing a sky-bike that defies the laws of physics. He smuggles a sky-bike aboard the Endeavour with this purpose in mind and reluctantly confesses its existence when Norton seeks a way to scale the high cliff of Rama’s southern continent. Norton authorizing Jimmy’s flight to the south pole briefly validates his disrespect for the rules.


Jimmy’s character arc emerges from the melancholy wisdom that he gains as a result of his time on the southern continent. He’s determined to prove himself with the success of his mission. Though he makes it to the south pole, an unanticipated electrical static buildup strands Jimmy on the southern continent. In isolation, he experiences a wealth of findings that would have benefited the Rama mission. He lacks the tools or the means to study the first biot he encounters and is unable to map out the tunnels under the continent or the checkered plains that mark its surface. Instead, Jimmy sets out to claim the one flower he finds on Rama, believing that, like him, it’s an aberration to the surrounding environment. When he realizes that this isn’t the case and the flower retreats from his effort to kill it, he considers it an equitable exchange between humanity and Rama. He sees the flower as having a value equal to his life, convinced that he’ll die while stranded on the southern continent. This moment drives The Beauty of the Other as one of the novel’s themes and represents Jimmy’s transformation into a more contemplative person.

Boris Rodrigo

A major supporting character, Boris Rodrigo functions as a sidekick to Commander Norton. Rodrigo works as the Endeavour’s communications officer and is quiet but popular. His reserved nature adds to his mystique as a member of the religious group known as the Fifth Church of Christ, Cosmonaut. Rodrigo’s faith is at odds with Norton’s secularist view of the universe. Norton doesn’t believe in a higher power, let alone the version of God and Jesus Christ that Rodrigo proposes, but he slowly comes to accept that some things are beyond his ability to understand. Whereas the idea of Rama constantly bewilders Norton, Rodrigo accepts that its existence aligns with his religion’s cosmology.


Rodrigo is an intrepid crew member. He proposes the mission to sabotage the Hermian missile and deftly carries it out when Norton authorizes it. Though Rodrigo is quick to point out the advantages of executing covert operations, he’s unsure whether his theories about the missile’s fail-safe mechanisms are correct. This underscores his willingness to undertake the risks of any mission, even if his life is at stake.

Laura Ernst

The medical officer on the Endeavour, Laura Ernst is a major supporting character in the novel and is a casual romantic interest for Norton, drawing from their history as former lovers. By the novel’s end, Ernst and Norton engage in a casual sexual relationship during their off hours. The novel positions Ernst as Norton’s equal, exercising a level of control and authority that matches her commander’s. When Norton seeks authorization to explore the Central Plain, for instance, Ernst must clear him, given the physical demands that Rama’s shifting gravity has on their bodies.


Driven by her curiosity about Rama’s biology, Ernst collects multiple samples from the Cylindrical Sea, which allows her to observe the development of microorganisms when the ship’s climate starts to change. She’s especially excited when biots appear on the northern continent. Though Norton warns her not to harm any of them for fear of starting a human-Raman conflict, Ernst is pleased when an accident neutralizes one of the biots. This gives her an opportunity to dissect it, though she’s shocked to discover that it’s more robot than organic being.


Because of her relationship with Norton, Ernst is the person who informs him that he has been given authorization to father a third child on Mars. They soon have sex and spend the rest of the “night” together, during which Norton tells her that he’s haunted by thoughts of Rama. This frustrates Ernst because she feels that Norton isn’t present in the moment, making her feel invisible in his embrace. Her presence reveals Norton’s sexist bias, especially his view that the female body is too “distracting” to male servicemen like him.

The Hermian Ambassador

Mercury’s unnamed ambassador is one of several prominent characters who feature in the novel’s Rama Committee subplot. He functions as an antagonist, gradually arguing for Rama’s destruction.


A flat character, the Hermian ambassador has few motivations besides the preservation of his planet and, by extension, the other human settlements throughout the solar system. Instead of characterizing him through personal traits, Clarke instead draws from the general behavioral characteristics of Hermians to characterize the ambassador. In Chapter 37, the Hermians are described as weak in physical constitution but tough in psychological resolve. This gives some insight into the attitude with which they regard their planet and its closest neighboring stellar body, the sun. In Chapter 19, Clarke notes that the Hermians view the sun as their “private property.” When the Hermian ambassador expresses concern over Rama’s trajectory, he points out that Rama may be trying to sap the precious metal and energy resources from Mercury and the sun.


All the ambassador’s claims, however, are based entirely on assumptions since nothing on Rama actually suggests that the Ramans plan to take advantage of humanity and the solar system’s resources. By acting preemptively to destroy Rama, the Hermian ambassador thus represents humanity’s instinct toward fear and aggression.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text

Unlock analysis of every major character

Get a detailed breakdown of each character’s role, motivations, and development.

  • Explore in-depth profiles for every important character
  • Trace character arcs, turning points, and relationships
  • Connect characters to key themes and plot points