17 pages 34-minute read

Edwin Arlington Robinson

Richard Cory

Fiction | Poem | Adult | Published in 1897

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Symbols & Motifs

Royalty

At the beginning of the third stanza, the speakers declare that Cory was richer than royalty, “And he was rich—yes, richer than a king—” (Line 9). This is meant as hyperbole, but it also demonstrates Cory’s wealth and influence on the town. Being compared to a king sets up the power imbalance we see playing out throughout the poem. A king is not just someone rich. They are also someone who is incredibly powerful and has power over others. A king’s influence is more than just a wealthy man’s, and Cory’s power over the town is evident. A king is also a kind of celebrity, especially the way monarchy is viewed today. This comparison works to emphasize the type of reaction Cory would get from people on the street. Even a simple “good morning” from Cory could make someone’s day, and a sighting of him strolling through town was considered a big event, much like seeing a king would be.

Meat & Bread

In the poem’s final stanza, the townspeople talk about two particular food items: meat and bread. These items are considered food staples in the history of the human diet. Meat, unspecified from which animal, is a recognizable symbol for food of substance worldwide across many cultures, and bread, while sometimes sweet and delicious, is a food without much substance and little nutritional value. A person eating only bread will not be as healthy or as energetic as someone eating meat and bread (although you should eat your fruits and veggies too!), and the poem describes how the working class goes without meat in their diet at all: “And went without the meat, and cursed the bread” (Line 14). Meat is also an expensive food item. For many people, especially before the 1900s, it was not accessible because it was considered a luxury. It would not have been uncommon for families to go without a protein on their evening dinner plate during tough economic times. If a person is eating only bread, it is understandable why they may become annoyed or sick of it, cursing the bread. Although the townsfolk are bitter and jealous of Cory, it is essential to understand where they are coming from as well. Desiring a warm meal to fill their bellies is not much to ask, however ungrateful they may be for the bread they have.

Calm Summer Night

The description of a calm summer night comes right before the reveal of Cory’s suicide and carries a particular weight considering the grisly image it precedes. A calm summer night indicates something pleasant. For many, summer is a time of lush greenery, warm temperatures, play, and harvest. A summer evening reminds the reader of happy images: the chirping of crickets, the croaking of frogs, fireflies blinking in the dark, or the soft light of the moon. All of these charming pictures are typically associated with a summer night. The poem describes this night specifically as calm, “one calm summer night” (Line 15). This night was not the night of a tumultuous thunderstorm, unusual activities, or significant events. Everything once again appears peaceful and serene, just like Cory did on his strolls through town. However, this one calm summer night is deceitful and reflects the deception that is Richard Cory himself. Cory appeared peaceful and serene, and the townspeople naively believe what they see and are shocked to discover they are wrong. Just as mental health issues can adversely impact anyone regardless of wealth and privilege, tragedy can occur even on the calmest of summer nights.

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