65 pages • 2-hour read
Alice MunroA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide contains discussion of death and mental illness.
“Powers” uses a changing narrative form. The story begins in 1927, as Nancy, a young woman from a small Ontario town, writes in her diary about her life. Nancy likes to joke and flirt; she prides herself on her daring spirit, which she writes about with self-dramatizing flair. One day, while in town with friends, Nancy meets Tessa Netterby, a quiet, odd young woman with whom Nancy kept up “a sort of friendship” (270) after Tessa dropped out of school at age 14. Nancy hasn’t seen Tessa in a long time, but Tessa is still shy and reserved. Others laugh at Tessa and mock her for her supposed gift of premonition, but Nancy is intrigued.
Nancy writes about her fondness for jokes. Her attempt to play an April Fool’s prank on Wilf, a young doctor, involves feigning an illness and making him examine her. Wilf doesn’t find the joke funny, and Nancy must apologize to him. After trying to apologize to Wilf, Nancy is shocked when he proposes to her. Flustered, she accepts his proposal. Nancy doesn’t feel real love for Wilf, but she’s enthusiastic about the idea of a wedding. She writes about her surprise that her life might be so conventional.
The story switches to third-person narration. Nancy prepares for her wedding to Wilf, who grants her the freedom to organize the ceremony and then redecorate the house and attached offices from which he runs his practice. To help prepare for the wedding, Wilf invites his cousin Ollie to town. Ollie fascinates Nancy, as he seems to have traveled the world beyond the confines of the small town. His experiences include a long stay in a medical facility while being treated for tuberculosis. Keen to impress Ollie, Nancy introduces him to Tessa. The modest Tessa correctly guesses the items that Ollie has in his pocket, including a scrap of paper with writing on it. Ollie is suspicious. After they leave, however, Nancy notices that his experience with Tessa has changed him. She writes to Tessa to warn her against Ollie and what he might try to do. Tessa writes back, however, explaining that Ollie has proposed to marry her. They will travel to the United States, where Ollie thinks scientists will pay them handsomely to study Tessa’s powers.
The story moves forward to the 1960s. By this time, Ollie and Tessa have been gone from Nancy’s life for a long time. Nancy herself is much older, and she’s traveling through the US. She arrives at her destination: a medical facility that is about to be closed. Nancy received a letter from the people operating the facility: She was listed as a contact for Tessa, a patient at the facility. Nancy meets with the staff and insists that she wishes to treat Tessa properly. She learns that Tessa is one of the many patients who work at the hospital. In the intervening years, Tessa received electroshock treatment as a response to her apparent powers. This treatment dramatically affected her memory, and she doesn’t expect to ever leave the facility. She spends her time baking bread and cooking for the other patients. Meeting Nancy, Tessa struggles to remember what happened to her and Ollie. The money that he thought scientists would offer evidently didn’t materialize. Tessa correctly predicts that Nancy has no plans to take Tessa back to Canada. Nancy feels guilty. She promises to write to Tessa after she leaves, but doesn’t.
Years later, Nancy is a widow. She decides to travel and treats herself to a cruise. While returning from the cruise, she runs into Ollie in Vancouver. They catch up on their lives; Nancy informs Ollie of Wilf’s death, while Ollie seems to be struggling to get by. Ollie speaks about his time in the US with Tessa. The money he had hoped would be forthcoming from the scientists was not, as few academics could overcome the economic pressures of the era, as well as the complicated bureaucracies. The war decimated opportunities for legitimate research, so Ollie and Tessa were forced to use her powers differently. They performed in a traveling vaudeville act, and Ollie dressed up to assist in the performance. During this time, Tessa’s powers began to wane, and she had frequent migraines. Rather than relying on Tessa’s powers, they soon developed a system of signs and calls to trick the audience into believing that Tessa was performing psychic tricks. Ollie tells Nancy that Tessa died (which Nancy knows isn’t true, but she doesn’t challenge him). He tells her about his life since then: He took odd jobs up and down the Pacific Coast before settling on a small island. He does just enough to get by, he assures Nancy. Ollie accompanies Nancy back to her hotel. As they part, she feels an urge to say something to him and perhaps invite him to her room. Ollie preempts her, however, insisting that he must leave. Nancy departs, determined to track down Tessa.
Decades later, Nancy is an old woman. Her children believe that she now resides in her memories. When she sleeps, she dreams about a time when Tessa and Ollie were still together. She sees them in a motel, Tessa suffering from a terrible migraine. Tessa has a sudden mental image of a pyramid of dead flies behind the motel curtain. She peeks behind the curtain to find the pyramid of flies. The flies have been piled in this place by a person. Tessa is excited. She wakes Ollie, sharing her excitement that her powers have flickered back to life after being silent for so long. They hug and, as they touch, Ollie fears that Tessa’s reawakened powers will allow her to see into his pocket. In his pocket is an envelope, in which he has the documents to commit Tessa to a mental health facility, dooming her to a life in medical facilities like the one where Nancy found her. Tessa seems to sense these papers. Since she has lost any reason to care about her future, however, she says nothing. In Nancy’s dream, Ollie changes his mind about taking Tessa to the facility. Nancy is filled with a sudden, enlightening sense of reprieve as her consciousness seems to fall apart.
“Powers,” the final story in Runaway, is one of the collection’s longest and most formally complex pieces. It experiments with shifting narrative forms and temporal leaps but begins in a deceptively intimate manner: with Nancy’s diary entries. This approach presents the story in a way that aligns with epistolary fiction, a narrative mode that unfolds through documents such as letters, journals, or diaries. In such works, the epistolary form often creates a heightened sense of intimacy between the narrator and readers, but it also raises questions of reliability, since readers receive events filtered through one character’s perspective. Nancy’s diary entries immediately reveal her self-centered character. She records her life with an eye toward her own centrality, amusement, and importance. When she plays a “joke” on Wilf, who later becomes her husband, her telling of events is notably free of anyone reacting in a positive manner. Wilf himself reacts with irritation. However, the diary never quite concedes that the problem lies in her lack of empathy. Instead, she persists in her conviction that she’s a person others should notice. The form thus accomplishes two effects at once: It brings readers uncomfortably close to Nancy’s inner voice while also exposing the gap between how she perceives herself and how others perceive her. This tension around reliability is central to the story. Nancy is sure of her wit and charisma, but the reactions of others suggest that she’s largely unremarkable, her humor is unwelcome, and her presence is at times overbearing. The story uses the epistolary mode not to flatter Nancy but to undercut her, letting readers glimpse how her self-absorption sets the stage for the choices she later makes. Nancy is thrilled when Wilf, a dependable but uninspiring doctor, proposes because she delights in the wedding and being the center of attention, though she finds married life boring, revealing another thematic aspect of Gendered Expectations and Domestic Entrapment.
Ollie’s arrival for the wedding introduces a second thread into the story, one that intertwines fascination, envy, and tragic consequence. Ollie, Wilf’s cousin, has lived a life far removed from the small-town world Nancy inhabits. He has traveled, has been ill with tuberculosis, and carries himself with the air of someone who has suffered and survived. This immediately distinguishes him from Wilf, who isn’t worldly. Ollie, by contrast, embodies the unfamiliar. As a tuberculosis patient, he represents fragility and danger, yet this only makes him more alluring. Nancy fixates on impressing Ollie, on showing that she, too, can be linked to the worldliness he represents. In this context, she introduces him to her friend Tessa, a young woman with apparent psychic abilities. Nancy’s motivations are self-serving: She wants to display her access to something extraordinary and to position herself as a kind of gatekeeper to the remarkable. The introduction proves fateful. Ollie and Tessa form a relationship that alters their lives, though not for the better. In hindsight, Nancy wonders if her need to impress Ollie was the catalyst that doomed them all. While the story doesn’t shy away from the agency of others (Ollie and Tessa make their own decisions), Nancy’s self-regard and her hunger for validation undeniably set the chain of events into motion. The narrative leaves the moral accounting unsettled. Nancy is both culpable and not culpable, both the cause of the tragedy and merely a bystander. That she even considers her own culpability, however, suggests that she matures to some degree. The ambiguity mirrors the broader themes of the collection, in which fleeing moments of agency are always entangled with accident, misunderstanding, and circumstance.
The trajectory of Tessa’s life is the most tragic element of “Powers.” When she first meets Ollie, she’s an independent figure on the margins of her community, someone who uses her peculiar abilities to help others and to carve out a modest but self-sufficient life. Ollie’s promises of recognition and financial stability entice her, so she chooses to leave with him. However, the life that follows is far from what she imagined. Her powers begin to fade and, with them, her independence and sense of self dissipate. She and Ollie resort to vaudeville performances, pretending that Tessa still has the abilities she once possessed. This counterfeit act mirrors their relationship, which over time becomes hollow, sustained by habit and deceit rather than genuine love. Tessa, once defined by the authenticity of her gift, is reduced to fakery, and she loses the independence that once sustained her, thematically illustrating Fleeting Moments of Agency. Ollie’s eventual placement of Tessa in a mental health facility marks the end of her agency altogether. Such confinement, Nancy suspects, renders one powerless, silenced, and stripped of identity. For Nancy, the knowledge of Tessa’s fate is unbearable. She alternates between blaming Ollie, who manipulated and exploited Tessa, and blaming herself, who set it in motion by introducing them. The ambiguity of responsibility haunts Nancy’s later life, shaping her dreams and her sense of regret. In one dreamlike sequence near the story’s end, Nancy imagines Tessa suffering in vivid and inventive ways, indicating how Nancy’s guilt has transformed into a near-obsessive attempt to reckon with what happened. Nancy’s imagination refracts Tessa’s tragedy, just as the narrative was refracted through her diaries, leaving readers to ponder not only Tessa’s loss of power but also Nancy’s inability to ever let her go.



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