50 pages 1-hour read

Running Loose

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 1983

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Background

Authorial Context: Chris Crutcher

Chris Crutcher, born in Ohio in 1946, is an American novelist and therapist specializing in child abuse and neglect. Before starting his writing career, Crutcher taught at several primary and secondary schools in California and Washington. His background as a teacher and therapist significantly informs his writing: Many of his novels, including his debut, Running Loose, focus on teenagers grappling with serious personal issues, such as abusive parents, racism, and poverty. In his biography, Crutcher states that he is “forever intrigued by the extremes of the human condition” (“Biography.” Chris Crutcher). Crutcher swam competitively in college and participated in various high school sports. These experiences also inform his writing: Most of his protagonists are young male athletes. In Running Loose, the main character and narrator, Louie, is a rising football star whose life seems perfect until he faces significant hardships. He confronts racism in his small community, is excluded from the football team, and deals with grief. Some aspects of Running Loose are semi-autobiographical. For example, Louie’s town of Trout, Idaho, is inspired by Cascade, the small village where Crutcher grew up, which similarly celebrated extracurricular sports.


Chris Crutcher’s writing is often considered controversial. Both Athletic Shorts: Six Short Stories and Running Loose were featured on the American Library Association’s list of the 100 most frequently challenged books of the 1990s. Running Loose contains profanity and mildly intimate scenes, and it tackles mature themes, which some believe are unsuitable for younger readers. Nevertheless, Crutcher’s contributions to young adult literature have been widely acknowledged. His novels are celebrated for their authentic portrayal of the teen experience. He received the ALA Margaret Edwards Award in 2002, which honors authors for their significant contributions to young adult literature. Furthermore, five of his books were listed among the American Library Association’s 100 Best Books for Teens of the Twentieth Century (1999-2000).

Socio-Historical Context: Early 1980s in America

Published in 1983, Running Loose reflects the societal attitudes and challenges of its time, especially regarding racism, sexism, and closed-mindedness. While the 1970s saw significant progress in addressing racial inequalities and gender disparities, the 1980s witnessed a resurgence of conservative values in American social, economic, and political life, particularly under President Ronald Reagan’s administration. Communities were less diverse than they are today, and racial insensitivities and stereotypes proliferated in popular culture. In the Denver Post, Russel Contreras writes, “Hollywood and popular culture still sent messages that racial stereotypes and racist imagery were comical and harmless” (Contreras, Russell. “Blackface, Other Insensitivities Ran Rampant in ’80s Culture.” Denver Post, 10 Feb. 2019) In Running Loose, the predominantly white community of Trout exemplifies this reality. The characters Coach Lednecky and Boomer casually use derogatory terms, including the n-word, to refer to Washington, a Black athlete. Louie is the only one outraged by this behavior—even his best friend, Carter, is so accustomed to racism that he remains silent. These details show that racism was not only widespread but also socially accepted during this era.


In sports, a central focus in Running Loose, the 1980s saw a stark contrast in the treatment of men’s and women’s athletics. Men’s sports were widely celebrated, but women’s sports were often overlooked. In the novel, Becky laments the lack of a serious athletics program for girls at her high school. Louie notes that “Jasper and Lednecky […] think that a girls’ sports program is nonsense” (67). Dismissive of women’s sports, Jasper and Lednecky, therefore, embody the conservative mindset of the 1980s.

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