53 pages • 1-hour read
Chibundu OnuzoA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide includes descriptions of racism and imprisonment.
Early the next morning, Sule calls to tell Anna that Kofi has been called away on urgent business. He has arranged for her to fly back to London via Segu. On returning to Segu, Anna calls Rose and apologizes for her long absence. She fills Rose in on Kofi’s wealth and his other children. Ken joins Anna at lunch, asking questions about Gbadolite, but Anna excuses herself quickly, realizing that her name and face are becoming increasingly well known in Bamana. An email from Adrian mentions a rumor that Kofi is running for re-election, and Anna realizes that the rumor is true; Kofi has spent the past few weeks gathering support in local villages.
Anna and Robert have a conversation via Skype. Robert has begun attending therapy and wants to make his marriage work, but Anna knows that he now sees her as a challenge and a prize to be won. She also has no interest in resuming her sheltered life as Robert’s wife. As Anna packs, Sule calls to invite her to a party at the house of Kweku, one of Kofi’s sons. At the party, Kweku receives Anna amiably, pulling her aside for a private conversation to tell her about the pressure of growing up with Kofi’s high expectations. Kweku commends Anna for her courage in standing up to Kofi, who is known for his inability to take criticism. Kweku mentions that he has a daughter in London, and he and Anna make plans to meet in the future. After Kweku leaves, Ken appears at Anna’s side. He points out several notable party guests, then tells Anna that Kweku has become the CEO of Shore Petroleum thanks to Adjei family connections. He invites her to walk on the beach, but Anna declines, choosing instead to dance on her own.
Anna returns to the Segu airport, but when she shows her Bamanian passport to the gate agent, two security guards pull her aside and tell her that she is on the no-fly list. They take her to an interrogation room, where the interrogating officer accuses her of obtaining a passport under false pretenses; her name is not in the database. He asks her probing questions about her father, and when she cannot answer, he threatens her with jail time.
Several men throw Anna into a van and drive her to a local prison. When she demands to be taken to the British Embassy instead, they drag her into a cell and strip her of her belongings, leaving her with only a cell phone provided by the jail.
The following morning, Anna wakes parched and exhausted and notes that the other cells are occupied by Black men. She calls out to a guard and demands water and her cell phone. When the guard brings her a cold bottle of water, the other prisoners angrily exclaim that she is receiving special treatment because she is white. Anna drinks some of the water, then throws the bottle to the cell across from hers.
Several hours later, a guard arrives and opens Anna’s cell door; she is free to go. Sule is waiting by reception. He apologizes for the passport issue, claiming that “Owusu must be behind [it]” (249). Anna has no choice but to accompany him back to Kofi’s mansion in Segu. As Anna lies in bed thinking about Bronwen, Rose calls. She is incensed because she waited for hours to pick up Anna at the airport. She tells Anna that she should get back together with Robert if the prospect of divorce is going to make her act irrationally. Then she angrily hangs up. Soon, Kofi comes to check in on Anna, but when she asks him about returning to London, he brushes her off with the excuse that he must resume his campaign travels.
The following morning, Anna calls Sule, who is still working on resolving the passport issue. When she asks to be taken to the British Embassy, he tells her that doing so will not help because her Bamanian citizenship takes precedence while she is in Bamana. Anna calls Katherine to vent about her situation and asserts that Francis Aggrey seems impossibly different from Kofi Adjei. Katherine observes that the passage of time can change people drastically, and her words help Anna to recognize that she will have to accept Kofi for who he is now. Kweku enters Anna’s room, and they discuss Kofi’s other children, Benita and Kwabena, who both live abroad to escape Kofi’s influence. Anna asks whether Kweku feels guilty about Kofi’s legacy. He denies it, maintaining that Kofi has helped Bamana more than he has harmed it. Two days later, Afua invites Anna out for lunch to patch up their differences. Afua also tacitly encourages Anna to stay in Bamana and live with the Adjei family. Upon returning to Kofi’s mansion, Anna contemplates her options. If she returns to London and divorces Robert, she will be left adrift. If she stays in Bamana, she will be implicitly siding with her father and against critics like Marcellina.
After several days, Kofi invites Anna on an overnight trip. During the long drive toward an unknown destination, Kofi points out a road whose construction he oversaw, and Anna realizes that he is now “campaigning to [her]” (272). Kofi tells her that he initially became a revolutionary because he was young and patriotic and was tired of watching colonialists wreak havoc on his beloved country. They set up a campsite at a remote location, and over dinner, Kofi reminisces about his days as a guerilla fighter for the DCLG. While discussing their shared experience of being imprisoned, Kofi lets it slip that he knew Anna had her own cell phone in the Segu jail. Anna realizes that Kofi engineered both her passport mishap and her imprisonment. Furious, Anna says that Adrian and Kofi’s other critics are right: He is a crocodile.
Kofi scoffs at Anna’s anger and declares that Adrian was a spy who betrayed him and the other revolutionaries. He agreed to let Adrian visit him again because he knows how to part with the past, and he encourages Anna to do the same. Kofi picks up his diary and begins to tear out pages, throwing them into the fire. Anna shouts that Francis would be ashamed of him, and Kofi replies that he is Francis. Anna douses the fire, and Kofi relents, giving her the rest of the diary. Kofi orders Anna to hit him to even the score, but Anna refuses, instead retiring to bed. She contemplates how Kofi has acted as both her imprisoner and her rescuer and draws a parallel to how he has treated Bamana. She concludes that this is “his pattern…Francis and Kofi in one person” (276).
The next morning, Anna awakens to find Kofi lying in agony on his sleeping mat. He has her bring a jar of pain ointment and rub it on his back. When he is mobile again, he drives Anna to another unspecified destination. Anna is not afraid of him because she knows he would never harm his daughter. They arrive at Mensahkro Dam, a massive dam that Kofi had built to bring power to Bamana. Kofi is clearly proud of his achievement, but Anna tells him it is all a waste because he displaced several villages to complete the dam’s construction. Kofi tells her that she came to Bamana to meet a man who no longer exists. He compares her to the Sankofa, a mythical bird that flies with its head facing backward. Kofi says that such a creature cannot thrive in the real world.
Anna asks Kofi to stand still so she can sketch him, to paint later. Afterward, they get back into the car and begin to drive to another unknown destination. Anna once again asks Kofi to tell her about the Kinnakro Five. This time, Kofi implies that the students were killed after he made an offhand complaint about them, without the intent of real harm.
Kofi brings Anna to the home of an elderly woman named Wuyo Ama to perform the traditional Bamanian ritual of initiation into womanhood. When Wuyo Ama learns Anna’s two names, she points out that “Nana” is an anagram of “Anna.” Wuyo Ama takes Anna to an empty room, and during the ritual, Anna experiences hallucinatory visions of a river in the middle of a verdant forest. Wuyo Ama and Anna step into the river. On its banks, Anna sees Bronwen standing together with a line of Anna’s English and African ancestors. Anna recalls a specific incident when Bronwen stood up to a racist teacher who wouldn’t let Anna audition for the nativity play. She thanks the vision of Bronwen for doing her best.
At the end of the ritual, Wuyo Ama produces a knife to seal the rite in blood. Anna cries out in fear for Kofi, calling him “Papa.” Kofi comes running, but Wuyo Ama only makes a small cut on her arm. She blesses Anna, pronouncing, “There is no split in you” (291). Anna feels a sense of inner peace. Returning to her room at Kofi’s house, she calls Rose to announce her decision to stay in Bamana for a while longer; she also invites Rose to come visit. After hanging up, Anna sets up a fresh canvas and begins to sketch the outline for a painting.
In the remote, intimate settings outlined in Chapter 29, Anna has her final reckoning with her father, and Kofi openly challenges Anna’s desire to separate his present persona from his past self, shouting that he is Francis Aggrey. Contrary to what she is determined to believe, the duality of his identity is not a contradiction; instead, both halves are necessary to create the whole of his current self. In this exchange, the title of the novel itself is finally explained, for Kofi criticizes Anna’s desire to resurrect the past by comparing her to the mythical Sankofa—the symbolic, backward-looking bird. In this moment, Anna finally realizes that she has been living with her head in the past in order to avoid moving forward into a better future. Ultimately, if she wants Francis Aggrey as a father, she must also accept Kofi Adjei.
Significantly, Onuzo leaves the true extent of Kofi’s corruption open to interpretation, for although Kofi implies that the murders of the Kinnakro Five were the result of a misunderstanding and accepts minimal responsibility for his role in the killings, the details of the incident are never fully explained. Even so, it is notable that Anna, who was previously fixated on the question of his involvement in the murders, now accepts his noncommittal answer without complaint; her decision not to oppose him further on the topic reveals her growing acceptance that she will never get him to admit full culpability for the various harm that his political actions have caused. If Kofi had denied any involvement in the affair, it would have allowed Anna to identify him with Francis once again and categorize him as essentially good, but his inability to absolve himself entirely forces Anna to process the reality that her father is capable of both good and evil actions.
Anna reaches acceptance when she realizes that Francis and Kofi are “the yin and the yang” (276) that co-exist within him. In a similar vein, she realizes that Kofi’s time as prime minister was neither wholly good nor wholly bad for Bamana. When she lets go of the need to define her father within a moral binary, she can finally love him for the complex person that he is, and this new level of trust and connection is aptly displayed in the middle of the initiation ritual. Notably, when Anna momentarily fears that Wuyo Ama will hurt her, she calls out to Kofi for help by calling him “Papa,” and Kofi answers immediately. This exchange signals that both father and daughter have truly accepted one another as family; Anna has moved past her need to find the father she imagined at the start of Sankofa and is now able to embrace the person he truly is.
The paradoxical concept of finding unity in duality also helps Anna reconcile the internal conflicts of her own diverse identity. To this end, the initiation rite in Chapter 29 represents a key moment of catharsis in her ongoing search to redefine herself. Significantly, Anna’s hallucinatory visions are filled with the motif of duality as she sees ancestors from both sides of her family holding hands. This ritual gives Anna the strength she needs to definitively forgive Bronwen for her failures, for Anna realizes that her mother did the best she could with what she knew. The scene also highlights the fact that Bronwen is also defined by duality, for she was both a good mother and a mother who failed her daughter in an essential way. In many ways, the ritual provides Anna with much that she was searching for; she is able to reimagine a more unified version of herself even as she finds necessary closure by forgiving her mother.
Wuyo Ama’s declaration that “Anna is in Nana” (291) and vice-versa, symbolizes the completion of Anna’s quest to embrace her diverse, multiethnic heritage. Thus, the “two streams” within her converge into “a mighty river” (291) when she realizes that she doesn’t have to choose one side of herself over another. The ritual shows her that every part of her identity matters, and all can co-exist in harmony. Wuyo Ama’s wisdom thus subverts Kofi’s declaration that looking to the past is unhealthy, for by thoroughly exploring her own past, Anna has found the self-assurance she needs to face her uncertain future. Accordingly, the novel ends with Anna inviting Rose to Bamana to meet her extended family, and this invitation symbolizes Anna’s desire to break the cycle of identity loss that Bronwen unintentionally began. Although Anna had to seek out answers for herself initially, she is now committed to providing her daughter with the tools and knowledge she will need to explore and accept all aspects of her heritage.



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