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On a rainy day in Copenhagen, Knut sits in his apartment and watches TV. He pays so little attention that he does not even notice when the programs change, but he soon finds himself watching a panel featuring people from extinct countries. The first speaker is a woman from East Germany who speaks about the cultural shift that happened when East and West Germany reunified. She says that the East German culture and way of life completely disappeared. After her is a woman who reminds Knut of the heroine from an anime show he likes, who says she is from an island nation near China. She speaks a homemade language that combines vocabulary and grammar from multiple Scandinavian languages. She cultivated the language while she traveled from country to country, failing to find permanent residence. She came to Europe as a student but when her country disappeared, she could not return home. She now works at the Märchen Center, teaching folktales to immigrant students to help them assimilate.
Knut, a linguistics student unhappy with his research related to video games and language, calls the station and asks if he can meet this woman. They tell him to wait, but soon call back after the show ends saying that the woman, Hiruko, will meet Knut in the lobby of the building. Knut, who is supposed to eat dinner with his mother that night, cancels his plans and rides over to the station. He does not feel guilty about skipping the dinner with his mother, since he is angry with her for favoring her surrogate son from Greenland over him.
He meets Hiruko, and they agree to go to a sushi restaurant. Knut thinks that sushi is Finnish, and Hiruko corrects him. She is from the “land of sushi” and tells him about growing up in a high-tech village there. As they walk to the restaurant, she tells Knut that she lives in Odense and has many calls after the show. She wants to connect with someone from her country and plans to travel to Trier the next day for the Umami Festival, hoping to find compatriots there. Knut asks if he can join her and she assents. At the sushi restaurant, Hiruko tells Knut more about her hometown: To make the countryside more desirable, a rich man bulldozed mountains, and she believes that this action combined with rising sea levels caused her country to sink.
Before the panel, Hiruko is working at the Märchen Center, creating drawings to accompany the folktales she tells the students. She finds her first success at the center when she translates a folktale from her homeland, called “Bakékurabe,” and teaches her students the word for metamorphosis. She believes it is good for the students to have a multi-faceted vocabulary that will help them in many situations. The purpose of the center is to help immigrant children assimilate into European language and culture through folktales, and Hiruko earns the job when the center decides it will be more successful if immigrants teach the children. In her job interview, she tells them about Panska, her homemade language, and her wish to use kamishibai (picture drawings) to help teach. The job at the Märchen Center helps her obtain a visa to stay in Denmark and she wonders how her own experiences as an immigrant and refugee compare to the diverse experiences of her students.
One day, while reading a story, Hiruko gets a call from the TV station, asking for her to appear on their panel. She initially refuses but agrees once they suggest that her appearance may connect her to other native speakers and that they will pay for her travel there and even for her trip to Trier the following day. After the show, she receives calls from people across the country—many of them berating her for maintaining any cultural connection to her home country. She agrees to meet Knut only because he is interested in Panska. When they meet, she finds him more attracted to language than to women.
On their flight to Trier, Knut receives a text message from his mother and becomes irritated. He tells Hiruko about his mother and her obsession with the Indigenous people of Greenland. He believes that she meddles because, though she recognizes Greenland’s independence from Denmark, she still thinks Denmark should provide aid—an attitude that, to Knut, smacks of colonial paternalism. Hiruko wonders if his mother treats him the same way and if this is the reason behind their strained relationship.
Akash notices Knut at the Luxembourg Airport bus terminal and finds him attractive. She is there to lead a group of Indian students through Trier on their annual trip, as she, also a student, lives there. Akash identifies as a woman and dresses in saris to present as such. Knut approaches her, recognizing that she and the students speak Marathi. Hiruko tells Akash that they are going to the Umami Festival as they all board the bus for Trier. On the bus, Akash tries to discern if Hiruko and Knut are a couple.
They disembark from the bus at Porta Nigra and begin speaking again, with Akash asking Hiruko why she whispers when speaking English. Hiruko replies that she is afraid of someone overhearing and reporting her, which could result in her being sent to America, where most English-speaking immigrants are sent to work. America has a stagnant economy and shrinking workforce and needs the infusion of new workers, while many believe that Europe’s welfare state is growing too large. Akash directs the students to their hotel and leads Knut and Hiruko to the Karl Marx House for the festival. At the house, there is a one euro shop, and many of the shoppers turn an eye toward Akash and Hiruko. Akash goes into the house to confirm the event and discovers that the Umami Festival is happening at the Karl Marx Museum at seven that evening.
The trio decides to go eat somewhere to kill time, and they settle on an Indian restaurant named Osho. Akash and Hiruko, both believing the name to come from their respective languages, argue over its origin until Knut suggests that the word may be shared. When the menus arrive, Akash is discouraged to see that every offering is in the form of a pizza. The restaurant reflects the cuisine of a specific resort town in India where pizza has become popular, a case of cultural globalization moving in multiple directions. Throughout the meal, Akash, Hiruko, and Knut get to know each other and discuss their opinions on travel and the merits of treating linguistics as religion. After the meal, Akash agrees to help Hiruko and Knut find a hotel, mostly to find out whether they will share a room.
With even more time to waste before the festival, Akash takes them to see the Kaiserthermen (Imperial Baths), a popular site of Roman ruins. While they walk, she explains the cultural studies research underway at the university and discusses her process of transitioning to become a woman. Akash explains that everyone’s body changes all the time. As they enter the tunnels under the baths, they see a tall, blonde woman approaching.
Throughout Scattered All Over the Earth, language is a central aspect of identity and growth. For each of the characters, language plays an important role in bringing them together and catalyzing their journey across Europe. Much of this stems from Hiruko’s identity as an immigrant and refugee and her wish to speak her native tongue with someone else. To better assimilate in Scandinavia, she has created Panska, a homemade language identifiable to any Scandinavian language speaker, and she uses this new language to help teach immigrant children to fit into their new homes. While she teaches them, she meditates on how to best instruct them, thinking of what words can help them: “Immigrants don’t have enough time to learn lots of words that can only be used in one situation each. It’s better for them to learn how to use basic but many-faceted words from the time they’re children” (24). This approach to teaching language, with the mission of equipping immigrants with the most useful language, is an example of Language as a Source of Identity—an identity that is also closely tied to The Stress of Diaspora. Hiruko’s own life experience leads her to understand that—in a world of restrictive policies that make permanent residence hard to come by—immigration is a lifelong process of constant movement. More than a deep familiarity with a single language, what these children need, in her view, is an ability to communicate across languages. She seeks to teach them the language they will need to express themselves in most situations. This will help them to interact more and grow their language skills naturally, helping them to express themselves in this new language in more personal ways.
Like her students, Hiruko struggles with life as an immigrant in a foreign country. With her homeland gone, she is adrift, hoping to find a permanent home but never being offered one. This means she travels a lot and cannot put specific roots down, making language learning a huge challenge. The result of her struggles is Panska, which takes grammar and vocabulary from the languages of the different countries she lives in, becoming a representation of her experience: “A long time ago, most immigrants headed for one specific country and stayed there until they died, so they only had to learn the language spoken there. Now, when people are always on the move, our language becomes a mixture of all the scenes we’ve passed through” (26-27). As a work of speculative fiction, Scattered All Over the Earth extends present-day problems into the future, imagining how the world will change if things continue on their present course: Sea level rise has erased Japan from the map, and climate change continues to drive migrations of people around the world, leading to cultural change and sometimes to xenophobic panic. Hiruko is forced to travel from country to country looking for a permanent home, and her language and identity begin to reflect her journey. Panska takes pieces from her many homes and blends them together—an example of resilience that gives her the tools to communicate with anyone in these countries. Hiruko faces the challenges of living abroad with no permanent home and makes the most from it, refusing to be ground down or go to America, where her English skills will help her assimilate more easily, but where she will have to accept exploitative labor conditions and a lack of public resources.
Hiruko’s innovative Panska is popular at the Märchen Center and earns her attention and acclaim. Speaking on a televised panel, she explains her language but soon faces some intense criticism from callers who demand that she perform a more recognizable version of assimilation. In the world of the novel, the globalization of today’s world is very advanced, with more cultures interacting. The line between Cultural Hybridity and Cultural Erasure can be thin, as dominant cultures seek to supplant others, and yet one of the most negative effects is the backlash of conservative nationalism against globalization. Hiruko faces this backlash after her talk, with people challenging her desire to find another native speaker of her mother tongue: “Why couldn’t I be satisfied with the language I was speaking now, and concentrate on getting along with the people around me, helping them so they’d help me?” (32). Many of the callers display a widespread nativist fear that the arrival of immigrants will dilute their “authentic” national cultures. Afraid that their Danish identity is under threat, they want to force Hiruko and other immigrants to give up or downplay their own identities and histories.



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