49 pages • 1-hour read
Grant GinderA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of sexual content, substance use, and addiction.
Scenes of parties and gatherings pervade the novel, forming a motif that reflects the characters’ intimate dynamic. These events most often have a celebratory air, such as the New Year’s Eve party in Part 2, the wedding in Part 3, the Labor Day and birthday party in Part 4, and the Halloween party in Part 5. No matter what the friends are celebrating, they find themselves collected in a contained space where they are compelled into conversation. These events challenge them to share their lives in the present, no matter how much time has passed since they last saw each other. The parties and gatherings mark key moments of change in the characters’ individual lives, and they consistently invite one another to share in these transformations.
At the same time, the parties and gatherings the characters attend reify the theme of Romantic and Professional Rivalry Within Close Circles. While together at house parties, rental homes, or reception halls, the friends find themselves in competition with each other. They often mistakenly use the events as opportunities to prove that they are happy or accomplished, despite what they might actually feel. For example, at the wedding, both Mia and Marco feel self-conscious about their failed romance and try to prove that they have moved on. Similarly, the Halloween party triggers a fight between Mia and Sasha, during which Sasha insults Mia for being childfree. Such culturally canned events, the narrative implies, can both bring people together and strengthen their relationships, or can augment tensions between them.
The apartments and houses where the six main characters spend time together over the course of the novel create a motif of entrapment and insularity. Most often, the friends are coming together to mark a major event. However, they almost always find themselves in claustrophobic interiors where they are compelled to wander around seeking either entertainment or escape from each other.
In Part 2, for example, Mia and Marco move between the various rooms of Richie’s apartment, feeling like awkward outsiders and trying to make sense of where they belong. Richie, meanwhile, tries to plot his escape from the party he’s hosting because he feels trapped and bored by his friends. In Part 4, when the characters go to Amagansett together, the rental house initially feels connective and cozy, but this setting breeds claustrophobia over the course of the trip. Nina ends up walking in on Sasha and Mitch Reynolds having sex; Marco gets stuck in the upstairs room with his upset baby, looking out at his friends below; and Richie closes himself outside on the porch when he notices Adam and Rami becoming intimate.
In Part 5, the characters experience similar entrapment at Sasha and Theo Wingate’s Montclair home when they travel there for the Halloween party. Sasha and Mia argue in the bathroom, and later, all of the friends get caught in an altercation in the kitchen. Much like the events the characters attend, these domestic spaces are meant to connect the characters but often atmospherically intensify their conflicts. The apartments and houses force them into a common physical space and compel them to air their disagreements and frustrations—either working through them or not.
The novel is rife with images of the characters either drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes and marijuana, or doing drugs. These recurrent images symbolically convey The Tension Between Chosen Family and Individual Identity. At times, the characters use alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, or cocaine to connect, while at other times, they use these substances to cope with their frustrations with each other. In Part 2, for example, the characters have drinks, smoke cigarettes, and do drugs as they bring in the new year. They play drinking games and chat while smoking, rendering their substance use connective and enjoyable, celebratory and communal.
In Part 3, however, the substance use imagery begins to mutate. At Courtney’s wedding, Richie gets so high and drunk that he cannot remember the rehearsal dinner and lashes out at Nina at the reception. Mia, meanwhile, drinks heavily to cope with her confused feelings for Marco and sadness over his engagement to Emily. In Part 4, drinking again offers the characters a way to connect in Amagansett, although Richie’s newfound sobriety sets him apart from the group. He also smokes cigarettes alone in this section, imagery which underscores his feelings of isolation within the group. In Part 5, the motif mutates once more when Richie relapses at the Halloween party—drinking again to numb his anger and sorrow over their fractured group dynamic.



Unlock the meaning behind every key symbol & motif
See how recurring imagery, objects, and ideas shape the narrative.