56 pages • 1-hour read
Gregory MaguireA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide features discussion of emotional abuse, physical abuse, and murder.
In the present, Liir wakes up and remembers his fall, and he is almost disappointed that he did not die. (Candle’s music would not let him.) Yackle has brought Liir and Candle to a farm that Candle suspects was once a cidery, given the apple trees in the forest and the barrels in the barn.
When Liir is well enough, he invites Candle to sit with him under the stars and tell him about herself. She is from Ovvels, the southernmost town in all of Oz, deep in Quadling Country. The town suffered greatly during the Wizard’s rule, so she left with her uncle. Though Liir hopes that Candle is the girl who was thrown from the bridge, he is disappointed to realize that she is not, as helping her will not allow him to make amends for his part in that atrocity.
Candle explains that her uncle left her at the mauntery. She also admits that Yackle, who is usually nonsensical, came alive when Liir arrived. Liir as Candle how she healed him, and she reveals that Quadlings have special skills; many can “see things” (216). Liir hopes she can see the future, but Candle can only see the present. Her use of music to bring Liir’s memories back was an example of such a skill, as she led him from his past to his present.
In the barn, the two observe a broken machine that Liir recognizes as a printing press. He dubs their new home Apple Press Farm. The next morning, Liir takes a closer look at the press and theorizes that it was likely attacked and destroyed. He finds some seditious tracts that criticize the Emperor.
As the weather grows colder, Liir begins collecting firewood, growing stronger each day. When Candle asks if he will stay or venture out, he questions why he should leave, and Candle tells him that his journey is not yet over. Liir assures her that he owes her too much to leave, but Candle rejects this idea, insisting that she only did her duty.
Candle encourages Liir to attend the Conference of Birds and finish his task, reassuring him that she will be all right. By the time the first frost arrives, Candle stays while Liir departs on a donkey. Before leaving, he asks Candle if they are a couple. She tells him, “We are one and one […] In Quadling thinking, one plus one doesn’t equal a single unit of two. One plus one equals both” (224).
Liir begins his trek to the eastern side of Kumbricia’s Pass, a major geographical landmark named for the mysterious mythical figure of magic who supposedly helped shape Oz. When he arrives, Liir begins searching for the Birds and eventually finds what is left of the Conference in a cluster of trees. He speaks with the Conference’s President, a Cliff Eagle named General Kynot. When he reveals the demise of the princess of the Swans, the swans present grieve. Liir then listens as Kynot explains the Birds’ predicament. They have convened to discuss the threat of the dragons, but the dragons have trapped them on the ground.
Kynot and the other birds are wary of Liir but still ask for his help. Liir initially refuses, and Kynot accuses him of not caring, but when Liir offers his help in exchange for any information they can collect about Nor, Kynot is the one to refuse. A small Wren tries to change Liir’s mind by saying that the threat of the dragons impacts all the people of Oz, not just the Birds.
In his frustration, Kynot challenges Liir’s perception of current events in Oz, explaining that the Emperor, in the name of the Unnamed God, is using the dragons to stir unrest. He is keeping the Birds out of the sky, and he was also the one who ordered the grisly “scrapings” as a means of fomenting conflict between the Yunamata and Scrow. The two tribes were nearly at peace, and if they had succeeded entirely, it would have been harder for the Emperor to manipulate them.
Despite Liir’s resistance, the Wren pressures him to help, but Liir tells them that he can do nothing without his broom.
Liir returns to the farm to find Candle waiting for him. She feeds him and lets him rest. Later, she reveals that she is pregnant, but Liir refuses to accept that he is the father, given that he has been gone for weeks and has no memory of having sex with Candle. As Liir argues with her, Candle assures him that the baby is his.
When Liir calms down, he tells Candle about the Conference of Birds and the threat of dragons. She is undaunted by the thought of dragons and reveals her knowledge of a dragon attack in Qhoyre years ago. She tells Liir that it was rumored to have begun as a tax revolt; when the Quadlings overran the local forces, the Emerald City deployed the dragons.
The next day, Candle asks whether Liir will remain at the farm or continue to help the Birds. She admits that she knows of his guilt over the Quadling girl who was flung off the bridge, but she explicitly tells him that she is not that girl and cannot be a proxy for his attempts to atone for his actions. Candle encourages Liir to leave, promising that she has enough resources to last the winter. The baby is due in spring, and Candle knows that Liir will be back by then.
Liir grudgingly agrees, and before he leaves, he begins making a broom for Candle so that she can sweep the snow. When he throws hay on the ground, he perceives the same letter that he saw in the burning debris at the bridge in Quadling Country. He still cannot read it.
When Liir returns to the Emerald City, he is astonished to see its changes. It is glamorous and cleaner than ever before. He also sees a poster showing the Emperor’s foot stepping across the land, with new cities popping up in each footprint that he leaves. Liir realizes that Emerald City is no longer merely the capital of Oz, but the nation of Oz itself.
He decides to visit Glinda’s home again but stops at the door, which is now guarded by a Tiger who is chained to the building. The Tiger informs Liir that Glinda is away from the city, mourning the recent death of her husband, Lord Chuffrey. The Tiger roars, scaring Liir away.
Next, Liir returns to the barracks field of the Home Guard, where he encounters Trism bon Cavalish. As the two get reacquainted, Liir remembers that Trism works in dragon husbandry. Trism surmises that Liir is a deserter, but rather than turning Liir in, he invites him out for a drink.
At a tavern called the Cherry and Cucumber, Liir begins questioning Trism about his job, but Trism deflects. They listen to Sillipede, an old entertainer who begins a meandering rant about the state of Oz; however, her speech is so convoluted that no one can decide who she means to criticize. When Sillipede mentions Elphaba, Liir feels a thrill and finds some closure over her death.
After the show, Liir and Trism walk along the quay. When Trism insists that everyone loves the Emperor, Liir is skeptical. When Trism informs him that they both met the Emperor outside a tavern years ago, Liir learns that the Emperor is Shell. Trism explains that Shell had a religious revelation; he believes that there is no better person to lead Oz than a sinner who found redemption.
When Liir questions why Oz needs Shell at all, Trism pins Liir’s arm behind his back and asks if Oz needed to attack an unarmed town in Quadling Country. Trism reveals that in the aftermath of the attack that Liir led, Trism was forced to send the dragons to quell the uprising. He feels responsible for the bloodshed, which haunts him. He blames Liir, promising to kill him as retribution. Liir assures Trism that he was only following Commander Cherrystone’s orders; he offers to allow Trism to kill him in order to erase the damage that Liir did that day. Trism sobs but eventually lets go of Liir.
As they continue to walk together, Trism admits that the scrapings are a strategic attack on the maunteries, which have been resisting the Emperor Apostle’s rule. The dragons, which have been trained to kill the young, were sent to send a message. Trism reveals that during the next military parade, the faces of those scraped will be put on display as a warning. Trism also reveals that the dragons are fed human flesh, which comes from Southstairs.
Trism believes that war is coming, as Shell means to attack Munchkinland. Trism hates his involvement with the dragons, but he genuinely believes that Shell is a more authentic ruler than those who came before him. Liir suggests that they end the dragon program, at least temporarily. Trism is hesitant, not wanting to endanger his family, but Liir promises to leave a note claiming that he kidnapped Trism, taking all the blame. Trism suggests poisoning the dragons, as one dragon recently died after drinking cleaning supplies.
When they reach the basilica, a guard recognizes Trism and admits them to the stables underneath. They soak body parts in the cleaning fluid and toss the meat into the stalls, where the dragons devour the poisoned food. Liir looks over the top of one of their pens, and one dragon, which attacked him before, recognizes him and begins screaming. Just then, the dragons start dying.
Trism wants to escape, but Liir refuses to leave without reclaiming Elphaba’s broom and the cape the dragons stole. Trism leads him to a room, and as Liir grabs Liir’s possessions, he glimpses the preserved, “scraped” faces on the shelves. Horrified, he convinces Trism to help him steal these too. Before fleeing, Liir writes a note, claiming responsibility for the havoc and declaring that he is the son of Elphaba.
They wait until dawn to leave the city, walking all day before finally stopping at an inn. The innkeeper rents them a small attic room and feeds them. As they head upstairs, a group of soldiers arrives on horseback, so Liir and Trism draw the curtains and remain quiet.
They barely sleep, embracing each other and exploring each other’s bodies. For the first time, Liir feels an authentic attachment and realizes that he has grown closer to Trism than to anyone else. In the middle of the night, they sneak out of the inn, steal two of the soldiers’ horses, and ride towards the mauntery.
Although Liir’s journey drives the narrative, the central mystery of Son of a Witch is the growing tension in the Vinkus, the western region of Oz, which is inhabited by a number of local tribes. Though the two primary tribes, the Yunamata and the Scrow, are poised to end generations of conflict, the mysterious murders, complete with the grisly removal of the victims’ faces, cause the two tribes to blame each other, and their peacemaking efforts are ruined. However, when Trism admits that Shell’s dragons are behind the murders, his confession puts the crisis in an entirely different light, emphasizing The Damaging Effects of Corruption at the highest levels of government. Specifically, Liir realizes that the threat, much like his attack in Quadling Country, was meant to serve as a distraction. As he exclaims, “The dragons attacked the maunts to stir up trouble between the Yunamata and the Scrow. […] Tribes are easier to intimidate when they are not united” (232-33). Because Shell, styling himself Emperor Apostle, does not want these two tribes to unite and engage in greater resistance to his rule, he manufactures a crisis that casts both factions in a violent light and compels his subjects to condemn them. His strategic use of subterfuge a creates a new, false reality for Oz as a whole, allowing Shell and the Ozian government to justify their expansionist policies by framing them as a means of “protecting” their citizens from others. In the fog of deception, no one realizes that they are the ones killing their own constituents.
These political machinations set the stage for Liir’s growing maturity, giving him a sense of purpose beyond his own insecurities. However, before he fully matures, he must address an entirely different aspect of identity formation when his focus shifts to romantic partners instead of maternal figures. When he establishes a relationship with Candle, he feels as though she can give him the direction he needs, but she wisely advises him to take a stand for himself rather than relying upon others to dictate his actions. As she tells him, “Before you save anyone else, you have to save yourself, Liir. Otherwise you’re just a bundle of tics, a stringed puppet manipulated by chance and the insensible wind” (242). The Impact of Belonging on Identity Formation has influenced Liir throughout his life, and he constantly looks outside himself to find a semblance of purpose. In this scene, however, Candle forces him to realize that he can only resolve his identity crisis by discovering who he is in isolation from others. She compares him to a puppet because when he succumbs to the whims of others, these external forces sometimes lead him to commit deeds—like the burning of the town on the bridge—that go against the deepest tenets of morality.
Yet even the topic of morality itself is fraught with complexity, as the religious landscape of Oz encompasses a barrage of mystical religious beliefs that conflict with the more modern faith of unionism that Shell perpetuates as the Emperor Apostle. Rather than subscribing to unionism, some Ozians take on a much more fatalistic view, believing that a mystical figure called the Time Dragon dictates everyone’s lives. Liir understands that the common belief in the Time Dragon and its predeterminate powers prevents people from questioning authority; as he observes, “If the unlettered farmers of Munchkinland and the factory workers of Gillikin believe that their fate is being determined by how the Time Dragon dreams them up, they don’t need to bother to take responsibility for their actions or for changing their class and station in life” (267). In Liir’s view, many of those who should fight to resist oppressive governments often fail to do so because they believe that everything is destined to unfold according to some grand design. This belief illustrates The Complexities of Using Religion as a Political Tool, for this particular religious belief eliminates the Ozians’ agency, preventing them from addressing the larger political issues that are affecting their lives.



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