The novel alternates between two timelines. In the far-future framing narrative, set billions of years after the present day, Tyler Dupree, a physician, and his longtime companion Diane Lawton hide in a hotel in Padang, Indonesia. They are fugitives carrying contraband Martian pharmaceuticals and digital archives, hoping to book passage through a colossal ring-shaped structure called the Archway that rises from the Indian Ocean and connects Earth to another habitable world. Tyler is about to undergo a painful drug treatment that may cause memory loss, so he decides to write a memoir to preserve his recollections. The bulk of the novel is that memoir, tracing events from Tyler's childhood through the crisis that reshaped human civilization.
Tyler is twelve years old, living with his mother, Belinda Dupree, in a small bungalow on the property of the Lawton family's large house (the "Big House") near Washington, D.C. Belinda works as the Lawtons' housekeeper, a class distinction Tyler keenly feels. E. D. Lawton, a wealthy aerospace entrepreneur, is the father of fraternal twins Jason and Diane, both thirteen. One October night, while the three children are stargazing on the lawn, the stars abruptly vanish from the sky. All orbital satellites fail simultaneously. The event, initially called "the October Event" and later "the Spin," devastates global telecommunications and triggers international panic, including a Pakistani nuclear strike. Jason, a prodigy being groomed by E.D., deduces that the stars have not been destroyed but obscured: Tides remain normal, proving the moon is still present behind whatever is filtering the sky. The sun continues to rise each morning, but it is, as Tyler later understands, a managed fabrication.
Five years later, Jason shares a staggering secret. NASA probes have revealed that time outside the barrier, called the Spin membrane, passes enormously faster than on Earth. For every terrestrial second, more than three years elapse externally; over five hundred million years have already passed in the universe at large. The membrane is not imprisoning Earth but protecting it, filtering the lethally concentrated radiation of a fast-aging cosmos into safe, artificial sunlight. Jason estimates that in forty to fifty years, the expanding sun will engulf Earth regardless.
The three friends respond differently. Jason throws himself into the problem, earning a doctorate in astrophysics and joining E.D.'s Perihelion Foundation, which has prospered by supplying high-altitude aerostats to replace lost satellites. Diane gravitates toward the New Kingdom (NK) movement, a millenarian Christian sect that treats the Spin as a sacred event, and eventually marries Simon Townsend, a gentle NK adherent. Tyler pursues medicine, quietly carrying an unrequited love for Diane. During a crisis in which China launches nuclear missiles at the Spin's polar artifacts, the membrane briefly stutters and the real stars become visible, flickering through billions of years of compressed evolution. Tyler and Diane, alone together that night, make love under the kinetic sky, but Diane tells him afterward that the night does not change her commitment to Simon.
Jason recruits Tyler as the in-house physician at the Perihelion compound in Florida. Jason has been diagnosed with atypical drug-resistant multiple sclerosis (AMS), a progressive neurological disease he insists on hiding from E.D. At Perihelion, Jason unveils the Mars terraforming project, an audacious plan to exploit the Spin's time differential. Engineered bacteria are launched to Mars, where millions of years of evolution, equivalent to mere months on Earth, transform the planet into a habitable world. Human colonists follow. The plan succeeds: Within a few Earth-years, Mars shows signs of agriculture. Then a photograph reveals that Mars has been enclosed in its own Spin membrane, sealed off by whatever intelligence created the first one.
Shortly before Mars is enclosed, a Martian diplomat named Wun Ngo Wen arrives on Earth. Physically adapted to Mars but genetically identical to terrestrial humans, Wun is descended from the colonists Earth sent only years before in Earth time. He carries vast digital archives of Martian knowledge and proposes launching self-reproducing machines called replicators into the Oort Cloud, the icy halo of cometary bodies at the edge of the solar system. Over millennia of external time, these microscopic devices will spread to neighboring stars, building a galaxy-spanning network capable of gathering information about the Hypotheticals, the unknown beings responsible for the Spin. Wun also describes the Martian "Fourth Age" treatment, a longevity procedure that rebuilds the body at the cellular level but involves weeks of agonizing pain.
E.D. opposes the replicator plan, and Jason maneuvers to sideline his father. Tyler's relationship with his clinic receptionist, Molly Seagram, collapses when he discovers she sold information about Jason's medical condition to E.D.'s investigators. Jason's AMS worsens, and he undergoes the Fourth Age treatment, administered by Tyler at the Big House with the help of Carol Lawton, Jason's mother. The treatment cures Jason's AMS but subtly changes him, making him calmer and more detached. Wun Ngo Wen is later killed during a highway ambush by road pirates who mistake his convoy for a bank shipment. The replicator launches proceed, but the network degrades as older, more evolved self-reproducing machines in interstellar space consume Earth's replicators.
Periodic disturbances called flickers begin, during which threads of golden fire crackle across the sky. During one episode, Simon calls Tyler: Diane is gravely ill at a communal ranch run by Pastor Dan Condon, a domineering leader whose apocalyptic cattle-breeding program has spread cardiovascular wasting syndrome (CVWS), a bacterial disease, to the residents. Condon has refused to allow medical treatment. Tyler drives across the country as the Spin's temporal function ends. The membrane itself remains, still filtering lethal radiation, but the real stars become visible and the sun rises swollen and ruddy. Tyler reaches the ranch, where Condon's enforcer clubs him with a rifle. While Tyler is brought to help deliver a stillborn calf, Simon loads Diane into Tyler's car. Tyler confronts the enforcer, who lets them go.
Tyler drives Diane to the Big House, where Jason is already dying. After Wun's death, Jason secretly injected himself with a supplementary Martian modification designed to turn his nervous system into a biological receiver for the replicator network. The Hypotheticals' network is attempting to absorb him, and the process is killing him. In his final hours, Jason records a testament: The Hypotheticals are a galaxy-spanning network of ancient self-reproducing machines that has watched countless civilizations exhaust their planets and die. The Spin membrane is their tool for preserving promising species while they construct interconnected habitable worlds linked by Archways, massive structures assembled from the matter of dead stars. Jason dies before dawn. Tyler administers the Fourth Age drug to Diane, curing her CVWS through deep cellular reconstruction.
Carol has Jason cremated before E.D. can claim the body for government autopsy. She also reveals a long-held secret: Anonymous love letters Tyler found among his mother Belinda's belongings were written by Carol, who had been in love with Belinda for her entire adult life. Tyler and Diane flee under forged identities provided by Jason as the government begins hunting Fourths, people who have undergone the Fourth Age treatment. They settle in Montreal, where they fall in love as adults. When a contact warns that federal agents are closing in, they travel to Indonesia, where Tyler undergoes his own Fourth Age treatment in the Padang hotel, completing the novel's frame.
In the far-future timeline, Tyler and Diane endure escalating dangers: A clinic sheltering Tyler is burned by government agents, and Diane is shot during their escape to the port of Teluk Bayur. Aboard the freighter
Capetown Maru, Tyler and Diane scatter Jason's ashes as the ship passes through the Arch. The stars swirl and change; unfamiliar constellations appear. In the morning, the headland of Port Magellan, the first settlement on the new world, rises on the horizon. En, a ten-year-old boy who befriended Tyler during his convalescence in a highland village, gazes eagerly toward the shore and declares, "History doesn't start until we land" (452).